26 août 1757
23 décembre 1809
Saliceti, Antoine Christophe (1757-1809)
Antoine Christophe Saliceti (1757-1809) naît le 26 août 1757 à Saliceto. Issu d’une famille originaire de Plaisance (Italie), il fait ses études classiques chez les Barnabites de Bastia. Reçu avocat à Pise, Saliceti retourne en Corse exercer auprès du Conseil supérieur.
Élu député du Tiers état le 3 juin 1789, Saliceti représente la Corse aux États généraux. Acquis aux idées révolutionnaires, il se range, au sein de la Constituante, aux côtés des réformateurs les plus avancés. Le 30 décembre 1789, l’Assemblée constituante adopte une motion de Saliceti entérinant l’annexion de la Corse au territoire français. Le même jour, une autre motion de Mirabeau autorisant le retour dans leur patrie des Corses qui, après avoir combattu pour le maintien de leur indépendance, se sont expatriés suite à la conquête de l’île, est adoptée. Ce dernier vote permet, en juillet 1790, le retour en Corse de Pascal Paoli après un exil de 20 ans en Angleterre. Paoli est aussitôt nommé commandant de l’île par Louis XVI, avant d’être promu au grade de lieutenant-général le 11 septembre 1792.
Nommé procureur-syndic de la Corse en 1791, Saliceti prend la tête de l’opposition contre Paoli. Élu membre de la Convention nationale le 17 septembre 1792 par la Corse, il siège aux côtés des Montagnards. Le 15 janvier 1793, Saliceti vote la mort de Louis XVI. À la Convention, Saliceti attire l’attention des députés sur la situation de la Corse et demande à ce qu’on s’occupe de la défense de l’île. Le 30 janvier 1793, Saliceti est nommé commissaire aux côtés de Jean-Pierre Lacombe-Saint-Michel et Joseph-Étienne Delcher. Envoyés en Corse pour combattre l’influence et les projets des Anglais, ils débarquent sur l’île le 6 avril 1793. Le 2 avril 1793, la Convention ordonne l’arrestation de Paoli et le déclare « traître à la République française ». En réponse, Paoli enclenche une épuration des opposants à son autorité et prend le contrôle d’une grande partie de l’île. Pour échapper à cette répression, la famille Bonaparte et les commissaires quittent précipitamment la Corse.
Nommé représentant en Provence, Saliceti participe aux opérations militaires contre Marseille et Toulon. Le 7 septembre 1793, Saliceti désigne Napoléon Bonaparte comme commandant de l’artillerie de l’armée assiégeant Toulon.
Proche de Robespierre, Saliceti est dénoncé, après le 9 thermidor, comme terroriste. Sauvé par l’amnistie de l’an IV, Saliceti est nommé commissaire à l’armée d’Italie par le Directoire en janvier 1796.
En octobre 1797, Saliceti contribue à la reconquête puis à la réorganisation de la Corse en deux départements (le Golo et le Liamone). Élu député au Conseil des Cinq-Cents le 10 avril 1797, il est envoyé en mission auprès de la République ligurienne (Gênes). Bien qu’il soit hostile au coup d’État du 18 brumaire an VIII, Bonaparte nomme Saliceti représentant de la France à Lucques (1801-1802), puis à Gênes (1805) où il fait voter l’annexion de la Ligurie à la France.
Le 22 février 1806, Saliceti devient ministre de la Police générale à Naples auprès de Joseph Bonaparte, le nouveau roi. Il adjoint bientôt à ce portefeuille celui de ministre de la Guerre, le 15 avril 1807. Personnage très influent au sein du royaume de Naples, Saliceti est aussi très impopulaire. En janvier 1808, il survit à l’explosion de sa maison commanditée par une cellule bourbonienne dirigée par le prince de Canosa (commandant sicilien dans l’île de Ponza). Resté en poste à l’avènement du nouveau roi de Naples, Joachim Murat, Saliceti démissionne le 20 janvier 1809 à la demande de Napoléon. Envoyé à Rome en tant que président de la commission de réforme administrative des ex-territoires pontificaux annexés à l’Empire, Saliceti retourne à Naples en juin 1809 et reprend ses anciennes fonctions alors que le royaume est sous la menace de l’expédition anglo-sicilienne qui vient de débarquer en Calabre.
Saliceti meurt subitement à Naples le 23 décembre 1809. Des rumeurs laissent entendre qu’il aurait été empoisonné lors d’un dîner offert par le préfet de Police, le ligurien Antonio Maghella.
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