1er novembre 2009
TA de Montreuil
France. Tribunal administratif (Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis)
Avec la création des tribunaux administratifs en 1954, le Conseil d'État cesse d'être compétent en premier ressort sur les recours dont la connaissance lui avait été attribuée soit par l'ordonnance du 31 juillet 1945, soit par un texte spécial, et juge en appel les décisions des tribunaux administratifs.
En 1987, le dispositif a été modifié par la création des cours administratives d’appel qui statuent en appel contre la plupart des jugements de tribunal administratif, le reste continue d'être du ressort du Conseil d'État.
Les tribunaux administratifs peuvent être appelés, à titre consultatif, à donner leur avis sur les questions qui leur sont soumises par les préfets de leur ressort.
En 1995, la mission de résolution des problèmes d’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles, jusqu’alors menée uniquement par la section du Rapport et des études du Conseil d’État, est également confiée aux tribunaux administratifs et aux cours administratives d’appel.
Les tribunaux administratifs ne sont pas compétents dans certains domaines relevant en premier ressort soit des cours administratives d’appel soit du Conseil d'État directement (recours contre les décrets et actes réglementaires des ministres, pour les protestations concernant les élections européennes et régionales, etc.) ou bien de juridictions spécialisées (Commission de recours des réfugiés, tribunaux des affaires de sécurité sociale, chambres régionales des comptes et Cour des comptes, etc.).
Les tribunaux administratifs sont composés de présidents de chambre et de conseillers qui exercent les fonctions d’assesseurs, de rapporteurs ou de rapporteurs publics. Les magistrats administratifs sont des membres du corps des tribunaux administratifs et des cours administratives d'appel. Les magistrats sont assistés par des agents de greffe qui assurent notamment la transmission des mémoires et pièces entre les parties et la notification des décisions rendues.
Au sein du tribunal administratif de Montreuil, 48 magistrats et 33 agents de greffe se répartissent entre onze chambres d’instruction.
Les tribunaux administratifs sont créés par le décret d’application du 30 septembre 1953 de la loi d’habilitation du 31 août 1953 en remplacement des vingt-deux conseils de préfecture interdépartementaux créés en 1926 (par les décrets-lois des 6 et 26 septembre 1926), des conseils de préfecture de la Seine, de l'Algérie et des départements d'Outre-Mer, ainsi que du tribunal administratif d'Alsace et de Lorraine.
31 tribunaux administratifs commencent ainsi à fonctionner à compter du 1er janvier 1954 en tant que juges de droit commun du contentieux administratif. Des tribunaux complémentaires ont été créés par la suite.
Leur création devait limiter le nombre d’affaires remontant au Conseil d’État, permettre de professionnaliser la justice administrative et la rendre moins dépendante de l’administration.
Le tribunal administratif de Montreuil est créé par le décret n° 2009-945 du 29 juillet 2009 et est entré en fonction le 1er novembre suivant. Il a pour ressort le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis qui relevait précédemment du tribunal administratif de Cergy-Pontoise. S’y ajoutent l'intégralité de l'emprise de l'aérodrome de Paris - Charles-de-Gaulle ainsi que, depuis le 1er janvier 2017, le centre de rétention administrative n° 3 du Mesnil-Amelot.
Le tribunal relève du ressort de la cour administrative d'appel de Paris depuis le 1er septembre 2020 (décret n° 2020-516 du 5 mai 2020). Auparavant, il relevait du ressort de la cour administrative d’appel de Versailles.
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