12 juin 1934
2 juin 1976
Direction des services vétérinaires
Services Vétérinaires (1934-1976)
France. Services vétérinaires
France. Ministère de l'Agriculture. Direction des actions techniques. Service vétérinaire
France. Ministère de l'Agriculture. Direction de la Production agricole. Services vétérinaires
France. Production agricole (Direction). Services vétérinaires
France. Agriculture (Ministère). Production et marchés (Direction générale). Service vétérinaire
France. Ministère de l’Agriculture. Direction des Services vétérinaires (1934-1976)
Loi modifiant la loi du 20 août 1940 sur l’organisation du ministère de l’agriculture, ainsi que la loi du 10 septembre 1940 relative au recrutement et à l’avancement des fonctionnaires de l’administration centre et des divers services du ministère de l’agriculture (JORF du 27 décembre 1940, p. 6291)
La question de la lutte pour la santé vétérinaire préexiste au ministère de l’Agriculture de plein exercice créé en 1881. Toutefois, si les missions d’inspection et de contrôle de la santé animale sont prises en compte d’une manière accrue depuis la fin du XIXe siècle et si les avancées scientifiques permettent de mieux comprendre et appréhender les risques sanitaires encourus par l’homme comme par les animaux, il faut attendre plusieurs jalons législatifs au début du XXe siècle (loi du 12 janvier 1909, création de l’Office international des épizooties (OIE) le 25 janvier 1924) pour que les services vétérinaires prennent de l’ampleur en France. Dès 1881, les services vétérinaires font partie de la direction de l’agriculture du nouveau ministère de l’Agriculture. Ils sont regroupés avec l’enseignement vétérinaire et agricole au sein de la première division de cette direction. Un temps rattachés au service de la répression des fraudes, ils rejoignent en 1929 le service des haras. C’est en 1934 qu’un rapport au ministre de l’Agriculture rappelle à la puissance publique que la Société des Nations recommande que chaque pays possède un service vétérinaire rattaché à un directeur dépendant du ministre. Cette volonté de regrouper les services vétérinaires en un seul et nouveau service conduit au rattachement de ce dernier au cabinet du ministre, par le décret du 12 juin 1934 qui organise le service vétérinaire. Celui-ci, dirigé par un inspecteur général (poste créé en 1912 au ministère pour lutter notamment contre les épizooties) dont le poste est transformé en emploi de chef de service, regroupe les services sanitaires et l’enseignement vétérinaire.
Entre 1934 et 1976, date à laquelle il rejoint la Direction de la qualité au sein du ministère, le service vétérinaire connait plusieurs organisations et rattachements, dont une partie le lie à l’enseignement agricole. Entre 1940 et 1954, ce service est subordonné successivement à la direction chargée de l’enseignement, puis à partir de 1943 à la direction des productions agricoles au sein du secrétariat général à l’agriculture. En 1954, il redevient un service rattaché au cabinet, avant de rejoindre à nouveau les directions chargées de la répression des fraudes ou de l’agriculture en 1959 et 1961. Enfin, de 1968 à 1976, il devient la direction des services vétérinaires.
Le service vétérinaire du ministère de l’Agriculture est responsable de l’ensemble des questions relatives à la défense sanitaire des élevages et à l’inspection sanitaire et qualitative des produits animaux et denrées animales, qu’ils soient destinés à la consommation humaine ou animale. Ses services assurent la police sanitaire aux frontières, la surveillance du cheptel, la prophylaxie, le contrôle administratif des produits biologiques, la réglementation de la pharmacie vétérinaire, l’inspection sanitaire des denrées (y compris issues de la pêche), le contrôle sanitaire des abattoirs et autres établissements manipulant des produits animaux. A partir de mars 1968, la direction des services vétérinaires est placée sous l’autorité de la direction de l’élevage et des produits animaux pour ce qui concerne les missions de cette dernière. Jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le service vétérinaire est par ailleurs chargé de l’enseignement vétérinaire, des organismes consultatifs et de recherche (notamment l’Académie vétérinaire de France). Ses relais en départements sont les directions départementales des services vétérinaires. En 1956, un décret d’organisation précise également son rôle dans l’orientation et la coordination de la recherche dans les laboratoires et les établissements d’enseignement supérieur vétérinaire. Après 1959, les décrets ne mentionnent plus ce rôle dans l’enseignement et la recherche, qui font alors partie des attributions de la direction générale de l'Enseignement et de la Vulgarisation. En 1976, le décret du 2 juin portant réorganisation du ministère de l’Agriculture intègre les fonctions de la direction des services vétérinaires à la direction de la qualité.
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