6 avril 1956
La date de début correspond à la date de déclaration en préfecture.
Fédération nationale des auberges de jeunesse
Fédération des auberges de jeunesse
FUAJ
Fédération unie des auberges de jeunesse (France ; 1956-....)
En 1907, la première auberge de jeunesse est ouverte par Richard Schirrmann (1874-1961) à Althena (Allemagne). Vingt-trois ans plus tard, Marc Sangnier (1873-1950) créée la première auberge française à Boissy-la-Rivière, dans le département de l’Essonne, et fonde la Ligue Française pour les Auberges de jeunesse (LFAJ). En 1932, la Fédération Internationale des Auberges de jeunesse (FIAJ ouInternational Youth Hostel Federation) est constituée. En 1933, face à l’orientation chrétienne de la LFAJ, Cécile et Paul Grunebaum-Ballin forment le Centre Laïc des Auberges de jeunesse (CLAJ), appuyés notamment par la Confédération Générale du Travail et la Ligue de l’Enseignement. Depuis lors, la recomposition du champ institutionnel en différents courants ajistes est continue : établissement des Auberges françaises de la Jeunesse en 1941, de l’Union Française des Auberges de Jeunesse (UFAJ) et de l’Office Central des Camps et des auberges de la jeunesse (OCCAJ) en 1944, du Mouvement Laïc des Auberges de Jeunesse (MLAJ) en 1945, de la Fédération Française des Auberges de Jeunesse en 1950, etc.
C’est le 6 avril 1956 que le principe de la création d’une réunion de ces divers mouvements aboutit, sous la houlette du haut-commissariat à la Jeunesse et aux sports. Alors déclarée à la préfecture de la Seine, la Fédération Unie des Auberges de Jeunesse (FUAJ) a pour objet de créer, d’équiper, de contrôler et de gérer les auberges de jeunesse en France et dans l’Union française ; d’assurer la formation des parents aubergistes ; et de développer les activités éducatives des jeunes usagers. Cependant, dès 1960, en raison de la prise de position de la FUAJ dans le contexte de la guerre d’Algérie (appel à la « défense de la République » dansLe Mondedu 21 mai 1958 puis signature d’un texte dénonçant « l’action criminelle de l’OAS » dansLe Mondedu 6 janvier 1962), les responsables de la LFAJ la quittent. La même année, un guide comportant une liste alphabétique des deux cent soixante-cinq auberges françaises est édité.
Pionnière dans le développement des loisirs populaires, l’action de la FUAJ dans les années 1960 est marquée par des investissements significatifs dans la construction d’infrastructures d’hébergement. Néanmoins, malgré les subventions étatiques dans le cadre du IVe (1961-1965) puis du Ve Plan (1966-1970), et plus particulièrement des lois de programme relatives à l’équipement sportif et socioculturel, dont la première est votée le 28 juillet 1961, ces investissements conduisent la FUAJ à faire face à de graves difficultés financières, dont leLivre blanc de la Fédération unie des auberges de jeunesse, présenté en 1970, témoigne. Par la suite, dans les années 1970-1980, la FUAJ modifie sa politique de développement. Face à un faible taux de remplissage général, elle met fin à sa stratégie de maillage territorial pour concentrer son action sur ses auberges les plus attractives, et à la limite d’âge fixée à trente-cinq ans. De plus, face à un relâchement des liens entre auberges, la fin des années 1980 voit une reprise en main par la FUAJ de leurs activités et de leur communication.
Passage d’une orientation qui répond à des préoccupations sociales à une orientation qui répond à des préoccupations plus commerciales, ce tournant aboutit à une réforme de la structure de la FUAJ afin de développer la notion de réseau. Le 21 juillet 1989, son nouvel objet est déclaré à la préfecture de Paris. Il s’agit désormais de « promouvoir l’idée des auberges de jeunesse ; contribuer au développement physique, moral et intellectuel des jeunes ; développer le réseau des auberges de jeunesse et promouvoir la vie associative en France ; organiser les relations avec la Fédération internationale des auberges de jeunesse ; coordonner la promotion des auberges de jeunes. Les auberges de jeunesse de la FUAJ doivent rester le lieu de rencontre des jeunes de toutes opinions, de toutes confessions et de toutes ethnies ». Dans le même sens, la fédération internationale, dont est membre la fédération française, se dote d’un plan marketing international visant à mieux coordonner l’évolution du réseau mondial, en 1992.
En 2007, la Fédération internationale compte quatre mille deux cents auberges dans le monde et quatre millions d’adhérents issus de quatre-vingt-un pays. Pour sa part, la FUAJ compte cent soixante auberges et cent trente mille adhérents.
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