Xe siècle
XXe siècle
Béthune (maison de)
La maison de Béthune tient son nom de la ville de Béthune en Artois (Pas-de-Calais). André Du Chesne, dans sonHistoire généalogique de la maison de Béthune(1639), fait remonter la filiation de cette famille à Robert Ier de Béthune, seigneur de Béthune et de Richebourg, avoué d’Arras, né vers 970 et cité en 1011 et 1036. On rattache à la maison féodale de Béthune une famille écossaise du nom de Béthune-Balfour éteinte au XVIIIe siècle. D'après la tradition, cette famille aurait eu pour auteur Baudouin de Béthune, fils puiné de Robert V de Béthune, avoué d'Arras, et d'Adélaïde de Saint-Pol, qui serait venu se fixer en Écosse dans les premières années du XIIIe siècle.
Le représentant le plus illustre de la maison de Béthune est Maximilien Ier de Béthune (1559-1641), duc de Sully (1606), pair de France, grand maître de l'artillerie de France (1599), maréchal de France (1634), ministre d'Henri IV, plus connu sous le nom de Sully.
De lui et de son frère Philippe de Béthune (1565-1649) sont issues plusieurs branches :
La branche aînée des ducs de Sully et des princes d'Henrichemont et de Boisbelle, issue de Maximilien de Béthune, fils aîné du duc de Sully, éteinte en 1729 avec la mort de Maximilien VI -Henri de Béthune (1669-1729) ; le duché-pairie de Sully passe à la branche des ducs et comtes d’Orval.
La branche des comtes puis ducs d'Orval (1652), issue de François d’Orval, 2e fils du duc de Sully, éteinte en 1807 avec le décès de Maximilien VIII de Béthune (1784-1807), fils de Maximilien VII - Gabriel Louis de Béthune et d’Alexandrine Barbe Hortense d’Espinay-Saint-Luc (†1809).
La branche des comtes puis marquis de Béthune, marquis de Selles et de Chabris, issue du fils aîné de Philippe de Béthune, éteinte en 1833 en filiation légitime avec le décès d’Armand Louis II de Béthune (1756-1833), et après 1923 en filiation naturelle.
La branche des comtes puis ducs de Béthune-Charost (1657), issue du fils cadet de Philippe de Béthune, éteinte en 1800 avec le décès d’Armand-Joseph II de Béthune (1738-1800).
Il existe une autre famille de Béthune, tout-à-fait étrangère à celle des Béthune-Sully, les Béthune-Hesdigneul, originaire d’Artois qui trouve son origine en 1415, avec un certain Jean des Plancques, cousin germain de Baudouin des Plancques, seigneur d'Hesdigneul, qui criait « Bethune ! » à Azincourt. Le fils de Jean des Plancques, seigneur d'Hesdigneul, ajouta à son nom celui de Béthune, peut-être pour rappeler le lieu d'origine de sa famille et la distinguer des familles homonymes, mais le fils de ce Jean au lieu de s'appeler des Plancques dit de Béthune, comme son père, adopta le nom de Béthune en y ajoutant la mention dit des Planques et se prétendit issu des premiers seigneurs de Béthune par les sires de Carency
Les « des Planques » ne figurent pas dans laGénéalogie de la maison de Béthunede l'historien et généalogiste Duchesne (1636). Elle ne se trouve pas non plus dans l'Histoire généalogiquedu père Anselme, publiée en 1728. Néanmoins en 1783, l'abbé Douay, chanoine de Béthune, dans sonHistoire généalogique des branches de la maison de Béthune, dédiée au prince Eugène Léon François de Béthune Hesdigneul, fait remonter la filiation de la famille de Béthune Hesdigneul à un fils cadet de Robert Ier, sire de Béthune, Richebourg, Carency, donné comme premier ancêtre de l'ancienne maison de Béthune.
De la maison de Béthune-Hesdigneul est issue la branche cadette Pénin de Saint Venant. Au début du XIXe siècle, Marie-Louis Eugène Joseph de Béthune des Planques de Pénin de Saint-Venant (1771-1812), comte de Pénin et de Saint-Venant, devient baron de Sully et sgr de l’ancien duché-pairie de Sully éteint en 1807, par la donation que lui fit, à l’occasion de son mariage, la duchesse douairière de Sully, née d’Espinay de Saint-Luc. Il épouse en premières noces Isabelle Claire Eugénie de La Viefville (1771-1794) et en secondes noces Anne Albertine Joséphine de Montmorency-Luxembourg (1789-1863). Leurs deux fils sont autorisés à porter le nom de Béthune-Sully par ordonnance royale du 16 octobre 1816.
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