XIVe siècle
XXe siècle
Les La Croix sont une ancienne famille montpelliéraine, venue peut-être à Montpellier dans l’entourage des rois de Majorque. Au milieu du XIVe siècle, Jean de La Croix est trésorier des États du Languedoc.
En 1466, Guillaume de La Croix, fils d’un Jean de La Croix, est consul de Montpellier. En 1489, il est trésorier des guerres en Languedoc et chargé de présenter le point de vue des États à un procès que ceux-ci ont à soutenir devant le parlement de Paris. Il siège à plusieurs reprises en qualité de commissaire du roi aux États de Languedoc et est aussi gouverneur de Montpellier (1494-1498), puis des châteaux de Lattes et d’Aumelas. Déjà seigneur de Gordièges et de Saint-Brès, il acquiert en 1495 la baronnie de Castries. Il meurt en 1502.
La baronnie passe alors à son fils Louis, président de la cour des aides de Montpellier en 1503. A sa mort en 1522, il laisse deux fils : Henry, l’aîné (mort en 1568), adopte la carrière des armes également suivie par la plupart de ses descendants ; le cadet, Gaspard-François, seigneur de Meyrargues, est l’auteur de la branche cadette qui seule subsiste aujourd’hui après la disparition de la branche aînée en 1886.
La branche aînée
L’arrière-petit fils de Henry, Jean de La Croix, baron de Castries, seigneur de Gordièges, gentilhomme ordinaire de la Chambre du roi, sert dans la compagnie d’ordonnance du duc de Montmorency en 1621 et combat en Languedoc pour le roi durant les guerres religieuses.
Son fils, René-Gaspard (1611-1674) se signale par ses faits d’armes pendant la guerre de Trente Ans. En 1645, il obtient l’érection de la baronnie de Castries en marquisat.
Son fils, Joseph-François (1663-1728), second marquis de Castries, épouse en secondes noces en 1722, la fille du duc de Lévis.
Leur fils, Charles-Eugène-Gabriel (1727-1802), brillant militaire victorieux à la bataille de Clostercamp, maréchal de France et secrétaire d’État à la marine de 1780 à 1787, est le plus illustre représentant de la famille.
Son fils, Armand-Charles-Auguste (1746-1842) est titré duc de Castries en 1784 peu après avoir pris part à la guerre d’indépendance d’Amérique. Élu député aux États généraux, il s’exile en 1790. Il ne rentre en France qu’en 1814.
Son fils Edmond-Eugène-Philippe-Hercule (1787-1866) embrasse également la carrière des armes. Il sert comme aide de camp du général Davout dans l’armée impériale et est promu général en 1823. Décédé sans enfants, il lègue ses biens à son neveu.
Celui-ci, Edmond-Charles-Auguste (1838-1886), décède à son tour sans enfants. Le titre ducal passe alors à René-Marie-Edmond-Gabriel de La Croix de Castries, issu de la branche des seigneurs de Meyrargues.
La branche cadette
Gaspard-François, le fondateur, épouse, en 1601, Jeanne de Geydan et s’implante, en conséquence, dans l’Uzège.
Son petit-fils Gaspard, baron de Collias et de Meyrargues, sénéchal d’Uzès, épouse en 1679 Anne de Piolenc, qui lui apporte la baronnie de Gaujac.
Son petit-fils Anne-Gaspard (1715-1804), baron de Gaujac et marquis de Porquerolles, est officier de marine et chef d’escadre des armées navales.
Son fils Jean-François (1763-1817), comte de Castries, commandant en second du régiment de Mestre de camp-Cavalerie, devient, pendant l’émigration, l’aide de camp de Charles-Eugène-Gabriel, maréchal de Castries
René-Gaspard-Marie-Edmond de La Croix de Croix (1908-1986), historien et romancier, est membre de l’Académie française. Il est le petit-fils de René-Marie-Edmond-Gabriel, qui hérite du titre ducal à la mort du dernier représentant de la branche aînée.
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