5 janvier 1780
11 avril 1860
En 1801, Camille Alphonse Trézel entre comme dessinateur au bureau de la guerre et obtient en 1803 le grade de sous-lieutenant dans le corps des ingénieurs géographes. Envoyé en 1804 à l'armée de Hollande, il est promu l'année suivante aide-ingénieur géographe. Après la campagne de Pologne, il est nommé, avec le grade de lieutenant, aide de camp du général Gardanne, ambassadeur de France en Perse (1807-1808). Aide de camp du général Guilleminot après son retour en 1809, il est secrétaire de la commission de délimitation des frontières de l'Illyrie. Promu capitaine en 1810, il est affecté à l'armée d'Espagne. Rappelé en Allemagne à la fin de 1811, il travaille à la topographie des départements hanséatiques, fait la campagne de Rome, devient adjudant-commandant (campagne d'Allemagne, 1813), chef d'état-major de la 13e division, et concourt à la défense de Mayence.
Durant les Cent-Jours, il participe à la campagne de Belgique et montre une telle bravoure à la bataille de Ligny le 16 juin 1815, où un coup de feu lui enlève l’œil gauche, qu’il est promu général de brigade par décret du 5 juillet 1815. Cette nomination est annulée le mois suivant par les Bourbons.
Il retrouve cependant une place à l’état-major en 1818 comme colonel, et est attaché à la commission de délimitation des frontières de l'Est, puis au dépôt de la Guerre (1822). Il se distingue de nouveau durant l’expédition d'Espagne en 1823 et est membre du comité consultatif d'état-major et secrétaire du comité de réorganisation. Il prend part à l’expédition de Morée comme sous-chef d'état-major en 1828, et est promu maréchal de camp en 1829.
En 1831, il est envoyé en Algérie. Il commande l’expédition de Bougie et est blessé à la jambe en prenant possession de la ville le 29 septembre 1833. En février 1835, il prend le commandement de la division d'Oran à la place du général Desmichels, le gouverneur général Drouet d'Erlon étant peu satisfait du traité conclu par Desmichels avec Abd el-Kader en 1834. Il participe à l’expédition contre Abd el-Kader qui aboutit au désastre de la Macta le 28 juin 1835. Rappelé en France, il revient en Algérie l’année suivante et prend part à la première expédition de Constantine, durant laquelle il est grièvement blessé et ramené en France. En 1837, lors de la seconde expédition contre la même ville, il reçoit le commandement de la 2e brigade. Il est promu lieutenant général le 11 novembre 1837.
Il devient directeur du personnel au ministère de la Guerre le 15 mai 1839 et membre du comité d'état-major.
Élevé à la dignité de pair de France le 21 juillet 1846, il est ministre de la Guerre dans le troisième ministère Soult le 9 mai 1847 en remplacement du général Moline de Saint-Yon. Il conserve ces fonctions dans le ministère Guizot jusqu'à la chute de la monarchie de Juillet le 24 février 1848. Mis d'office à la retraite le 8 juin 1848, il est appelé en 1853 auprès du comte de Paris et du comte d'Eu comme gouverneur militaire et conserve cette fonction jusqu'à la majorité du comte de Paris en 1856.
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