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Dujols, Pierre (1922-1979)

Person | 16 mars 1922 - 6 janvier 1979 Identifier: FRAN_NP_051438
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France
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Related names ( 1)

Date of birth:

16 mars 1922

Date of death:

6 janvier 1979

PLACE

Place:

Espalion (Aveyron)

Languedoc-Roussillon (France , région administrative)

Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine)

Role of the place:

Lieu général

OCCUPATION

Occupation:

ingénieur

Occupation:

inventeur

Occupation:

résistant

Occupation:

chef d'entreprise

Date:

1957 - 6 janvier 1979

BIOGRAPHY

Biography:

C’est à Espalion (Aveyron), sa ville natale, que se fait jour la vocation d’inventeur de Pierre Dujols : excellent nageur, il occupe ses vacances d’adolescent à faire de la plongée et du sauvetage dans le Lot et, soucieux de renforcer la durée d’autonomie sous l’eau, s’emploie à perfectionner les matériels existants, préfigurant le célèbre scaphandre Gagnan-Cousteau. Vivant à Paris, il passe son premier bac en 1939 au lycée Chaptal et, passionné de sciences et radio-amateur, s’inscrit en parallèle au Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), où il obtient un diplôme de « téléphonovision », l’ancêtre de la télévision.

Au début de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la famille Dujols se replie à Espalion et Pierre passe son deuxième bac au lycée Pierre de Fermat de Toulouse, avant de réussir le concours d’entrée de l’École de physique et chimie industrielles (EPCI) de la Ville de Paris. En 1940, il est de retour dans la capitale pour poursuivre ses études et se lance peu après dans des activités clandestines, notamment la fabrication de matériel de radio-émetteur. Son existence bascule fin 1942-début 1943 : requis pour le Service du travail obligatoire (STO), il parvient sous divers prétextes, notamment médicaux, à retarder son départ, alors qu’il constitue pour les Allemands une cible de choix. Futur ingénieur, il a reçu une affectation aux usines chimiques Degussa à Francfort, mais devenu réfractaire et dénoncé pour ses activités de radio et la fabrication de faux-papiers, il entre dans la clandestinité à l’été 1943.

Sous la nouvelle identité de Pierre Delmas, il poursuit la confection de faux-papiers grâce au petit atelier d’imprimerie qu’il s’est fabriqué et continue à fréquenter les bibliothèques de l’EPCI et du CNAM pour y glaner la documentation nécessaire à la fabrication d’explosifs, afin de mener des actions de sabotage.

Combattant des Forces françaises de l’Intérieur, il participe activement en août 1944 à la libération de Paris, menant un assaut victorieux dans le quartier des Batignolles contre le garage Boursault, qui servait aux Allemands de dépôt de vivres, de carburant et de munitions, et gérant ensuite ces précieuses réserves pour alimenter les groupes FFI du secteur et les nouvelles autorités mises en place par le Gouvernement provisoire.

À la fin de 1944, Pierre Dujols reprend ses études. Il obtient en 1945 son diplôme d’ingénieur, puis s’engage à l’École des cadres du déminage, dont il sort major. Devenu démineur-chef puis débombeur-chef, il passe cinq ans dans les services du déminage, abordant toutes les facettes du métier : opérations dans l’est de la France et sur les côtes du Languedoc, avec l’appui de prisonniers de guerre allemands, mais aussi recherches au laboratoire de Meudon, où il met au point le dispositif de « détection à grande profondeur ». Il contribue par ailleurs au transfert en France du professeur Förster, grand spécialiste allemand des explosifs et de leur détection, qui apportera son concours à la neutralisation de nombreuses mines et bombes allemandes.

En juillet 1950, Pierre Dujols entre dans le groupe Philips et, après un bref passage au sein de la filiale Radiotechnique, intègre le laboratoire d’électronique et de physique appliquée (LEP) de Philips, se spécialisant dans la recherche-développement en physique nucléaire. Vers 1956, il conçoit un perfectionnement du thermocouple, connu sous le nom commercial de Thermocoax, afin de mesurer les très hautes températures dans le domaine nucléaire, prélude à la création en 1957 de la Société d’études et réalisations nucléaires, la Sodern, active également dans la recherche spatiale.

Pierre Dujols dirige la Sodern jusqu’à sa mort le 6 janvier 1979, déposant de nombreux brevets, tout en exerçant d’autres activités dans le groupe Philips, notamment comme administrateur de Radiotechnique et président-directeur général de la Société des machines cryogéniques L’Air Liquide.


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