25 octobre 1920
14 février 2002
Anthonioz de Gaulle, Geneviève
Gaulle, Geneviève de (1920-2002)
Gaulle, Geneviève Anthonioz de (1920-2002)
De Gaulle, Geneviève (1920-2002)
De Gaulle Anthonioz, Geneviève (1920-2002)
De Gaulle-Anthonioz, Geneviève (1920-2002)
Geneviève de Gaulle naît le 25 octobre 1920 à Saint-Jean-de-Valériscle, dans le Gard. Elle est la fille de Xavier de Gaulle, frère aîné du général de Gaulle et ingénieur des mines nommé en 1922 dans la Sarre où Geneviève passe toute son enfance. En 1935, la Sarre redevient allemande et la famille de Gaulle s'installe à Rennes.
En 1939, Geneviève de Gaulle est inscrite à la faculté d'histoire de Rennes et choisit, dès juin 1940, de résister face à l'occupation allemande, d'abord à Rennes, puis à Paris où elle arrive pour la rentrée universitaire de 1941, inscrite en licence d'histoire à la Sorbonne. Elle est hébergée par sa tante, Madeleine de Gaulle. Après plusieurs missions pour la Résistance en lien avec le groupe du Musée de l'Homme, elle se joint en 1943 aux partisans de Défense de la France, mouvement fondé par Philippe Viannay, et qui édite un journal du même nom. Elle devient membre du comité directeur et rédige des articles sous le pseudonyme de Gallia. À partir de 1943, elle entre dans une clandestinité totale et gère une imprimerie à la Sorbonne. Arrêtée le 20 juillet, à la suite d’une trahison, dans une librairie de la rue Bonaparte qui sert de boîte aux lettres, elle est emprisonnée durant six mois à Fresnes. Déportée en février 1944 au camp de Ravensbrück, elle survit grâce aux amitiés fortes qu’elle noue avec d’autres détenues. Himmler isole rapidement Geneviève de Gaulle dans un bunker afin de la garder en vie en vue d’un échange. Geneviève de Gaulle est libérée au mois d’avril et évacuée en Suisse où elle retrouve son père, consul général de France. Cinquante ans après sa libération, Geneviève de Gaulle écrit et publie le 1er janvier 1998 La Traversée de la nuit qui évoque sa déportation à Ravensbrück.
Lors de sa convalescence en Suisse, Geneviève de Gaulle rencontre Bernard Anthonioz, jeune éditeur d'art et ancien résistant. Leur mariage est célébré en 1946 par l'abbé Charles Journet (1891-1975), futur cardinal, qui joue par la suite un rôle important de conseiller et père spirituel auprès de Geneviève. Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz est membre active de l'Association nationales des anciennes déportées et internées de la Résistance (ADIR) dont elle a participé à la création, et qu'elle présidera par la suite. Elle témoigne dans les procès de criminels nazis tout en s'impliquant également aux côtés de son mari et d'André Malraux dans l'essor du Rassemblement du peuple français (RPF) fondé en 1947 par Charles de Gaulle.
En 1959, lorsque Bernard Anthonioz est chargé de l'Architecture et des monuments historiques dans le nouveau ministère des Affaires culturelles confié à André Malraux, elle le suit dans ces nouvelles fonctions.
C'est à cette période qu'elle rencontre le père Joseph Wresinski, aumônier du bidonville de Noisy-le-Grand et fondateur en 1957 de l'association Aide à toute détresse qui deviendra le mouvement international ATD Quart Monde. Elle quitte ses fonctions au ministère et s'engage totalement avec lui auprès des familles du bidonville. Elle sera présidente de l'association de 1964 à 1998. Dans la continuité de cet engagement, elle est nommée en 1988 au Conseil économique et social où elle oeuvre pendant dix ans pour l'adoption d'une loi d'orientation contre la grande pauvreté. Cette loi n'est votée qu'en 1998.
Première femme élevée à la dignité de grand-croix de la Légion d'honneur en 1997, Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz rentre au Panthéon le 27 mai 2015 aux côtés de Germaine Tillion, Pierre Brossolette et Jean Zay.
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