1945
10 juillet 1989
France. Conseil supérieur de l'éducation nationale (1945-1989)
Ordonnance n°45-820 du 26 avril 1945 relative à la création du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement public
Article premier
Il est créé un Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement public qui exercera les pouvoirs antérieurement conférés au Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et au Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Une ordonnance ultérieure déterminera la composition, les pouvoirs et attributions du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement public.
Article 2
Il est créé à titre transitoire un comité permanent qui, jusqu’à publication de l’ordonnance ci-dessus prévue, et au plus tard jusqu’au 31 décembre 1945 exercera les pouvoirs dévolus en matière disciplinaire et contentieuse au Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et au Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Pendant la même période et dans les autres matières, le ministre de l’Éducation nationale pourra prendre seul ou après avis du comité permanent toutes décisions pour lesquelles l’avis de l’un des deux Conseils était obligatoire, lorsqu’elles présenteront un caractère d’urgence.
Article 3
Le comité permanent se compose :
du directeur général de l’enseignement, président ;
du recteur de l’académie de Paris ;
d’un représentant des grands établissements de recherche et de haut enseignement d’État qui ne relèvent pas de l’université, nommé par le ministre et choisi parmi les anciens membres élus du Conseil supérieur de l'instruction publique ou du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique ;
de cinq doyens de facultés nommés par le ministre pour représenter l’enseignement supérieur ;
de six représentants des trois autres ordres d’enseignement, à raison de deux pour l’enseignement du second degré, deux pour l’enseignement du premier degré et deux pour l’enseignement technique nommés par le ministre et choisis parmi les anciens membres élus, les quatre premiers du Conseil supérieur de l'instruction publique, et les deux derniers du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Les directeurs de l’enseignement supérieur, de l’enseignement du second degré, de l’enseignement technique et de l’enseignement du premier degré siègent avec voix délibérative au comité permanent dans les affaires relevant de leur compétence.
Article 4
Pour les affaires intéressant les établissements de recherche et de haut enseignement d’État qui ne relèvent pas de l’université, il est adjoint aux membres du comité permanent un second représentant de ces établissements nommé par le ministre et choisi parmi les anciens membres élus du Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique ou du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Article 5
Pour les affaires intéressant l’enseignement libre, il est adjoint aux membres du comité permanent deux représentants de l’enseignement libre nommés par le ministre et choisis parmi les anciens membres du Conseil supérieur de l'instruction publique ou du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Article 6
Un décret pris sur le rapport du ministre de l’Éducation nationale fixera les modalités d’application de la présente ordonnance.
Article 7
La présente ordonnance sera publiée au Journal officiel de la République française et exécutée comme loi.
Loi n° 46-612 du 6 avril 1946 relative au Conseil supérieur de l’éducation nationale et à la prorogation des pouvoirs du comité permanent
Article unique
Les articles premier et 2 de l’ordonnance du 26 avril 1945 sont modifiés comme suit :
« Article premier
Il est créé un Conseil supérieur de l’éducation nationale, qui exerce les pouvoirs antérieurement conférés au Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et au Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Une loi ultérieure déterminera la composition, les pouvoirs et les attributions du Conseil supérieur de l’éducation nationale.
À défaut, du texte législatif susvisé qui devra être mis en vigueur au plus tard le 31 mai 1946, il sera procédé, avant le 14 juillet 1946 et dans les formes prévues par les lois et règlements en vigueur, à la reconstitution du Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique, qui exerceront les pouvoirs qui leur étaient antérieurement conférés.
Article 2
Il est créé, à titre provisoire, un comité permanent qui, jusqu’à la constitution du Conseil supérieur de l’éducation nationale ou à celle du Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique, et au plus tard jusqu’au 15 juillet 1946, exercera les pouvoirs dévolus en matière disciplinaire et contentieuse au Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique et au Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique.
Pendant la même période et dans les autres matières, le ministre de l’Éducation nationale pourra, après avis du comité permanent, toutes décisions pour lesquelles l’avis de l’un des deux Conseils était obligatoire, lorsqu’elles présenteront un caractère d’extrême urgence. Il demandera avant le 31 juillet 1946, sur le maintien de ces décisions, l’avis du Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique ou du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement technique. »
La présente loi, délibérée et adoptée par l’Assemblée nationale, constituante, sera exécutée comme loi de l’État.
En 1945, la nécessité de réorganiser le Conseil supérieur de l’instruction publique, dont les pouvoirs dépendent toujours de la loi du 27 février 1880, se fait sentir. Cette nécessité s’explique d’autant plus par le fait que de nombreux conseillers élus ou nommés en 1938, dont les pouvoirs ont expiré en 1942, ne peuvent plus siéger au sein du Conseil pour diverses raisons : décès, retraite, épuration des administrations publiques.
De plus, le grand nombre de membres composant le Conseil, ainsi que la diversité des fonctions qui y sont représentées sont considérés comme un frein au bon fonctionnement de cette institution. Enfin, les législateurs estiment que l’existence de deux conseils supérieur, celui de l’instruction publique et celui de l’enseignement technique (créé en 1870), s’avère superflu. D’où la nécessité de créer un organisme regroupant les prérogatives de ces deux conseils.
Ces réflexions aboutiront à la mise en place du Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement public par l’ordonnance du 26 avril 1945, création abrogée par la loi du 6 avril 1946 remplaçant le Conseil supérieur de l’enseignement public par le Conseil supérieur de l’éducation nationale.
La loi n°64-1325 du 26 décembre 1964 réduit le nombre de conseils de l’enseignement de cinq à trois : conseil de l’enseignement général et technique, conseil de l’enseignement supérieur, conseil de la jeunesse, de l’éducation populaire et des sports.
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