18 août 1945
8 janvier 1959
France. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. Direction de l'architecture (1947-8 janvier 1959)
France. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. Direction générale de l'architecture (18 août 1945-1947)
France. Ministère de la Jeunesse, des Arts et des Lettres. Direction générale de l'architecture (janvier 1947-octobre 1947)
France. Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. Direction de l'architecture (18 août 1945-8 janvier 1959)
Décret n°45-1890 du 18 août 1945 créant une direction générale de l'Architecture ;
Décret n°59-889 du 24 juillet 1959 portant organisation du ministère chargé des Affaires culturelles : http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jopdf/common/jo_pdf.jsp?numJO=0&dateJO=19590726&numTexte=&pageDebut=07413&pageFin=
À sa création en 1945, la direction générale de l'architecture est composée de trois directions :
- bâtiments, palais et ordonnances urbaines (comprenant les bureaux : Conseil général des bâtiments de France, bâtiments civils et palais nationaux, liquidation, contrôle) ;
- monuments historiques (comprenant les bureaux : travaux et classements, documentation fouilles et antiquités, liquidation, contrôle) ;
- sites, perspectives et paysages (les sites étaient gérés jusque-là par le service en charge des monuments historiques)
Les inspecteurs généraux (monuments historiques et bâtiments civils) sont placés directement sous l'autorité de la direction générale de l'architecture.
À partir de 1947 et jusqu'à son transfert au ministère de la Culture en 1959, la direction de l'architecture est composée de trois sous-directions. Les sites et les monuments historiques ne forment qu'un seul service, revenant ainsi à la situation antérieure à 1945. Les bureaux concernant la liquidation et les contrôles de travaux sont réunis en une sous-direction. On a ainsi :
- une sous-direction des bâtiments (comprenant les bureaux : Conseil général des bâtiments de France, bâtiments civils et palais nationaux, personnel, matériaux et planification) ;
- une sous-direction des monuments historiques et des sites (comprenant les bureaux : travaux et classements, documentation fouilles et antiquités, sites) ;
- une sous-direction de la liquidation, des dépenses et du contrôle des travaux (comprenant les bureaux : liquidation des dépenses des bâtiments civils, contrôle des bâtiments civils, liquidation des dépenses des monuments historiques, contrôle des monuments historiques).
La direction de l'architecture trouve ses origines dans le service des bâtiments civils qui a eu une histoire mouvementée de 1793 à 1940, date à laquelle elle devient la direction des services de l'architecture. Elle reste placée au sein de l'administration des Beaux-Arts au ministère de l'Éducation nationale jusqu'à la fin de la Seconde guerre mondiale.
À la Libération, la politique de l'architecture est individualisée au sein du ministère de l'Éducation nationale avec la création de la direction générale (1945-1947) puis direction de l'architecture. Celle-ci est constituée de trois grands pôles : bâtiments civils et palais nationaux ; monuments historiques ; sites, perspectives et paysages. L'enseignement de l'architecture reste du ressort de la direction générale des Arts et lettres, au sein du même ministère de l'Éducation nationale.
La direction générale de l'architecture est brièvement rattachée au ministère de la Jeunesse, des Arts et des Lettres qui voit le jour en janvier 1947. Le ministère est supprimé en octobre de la même année et la direction générale de l'architecture, devenue direction de l'architecture, est transférée de nouveau au ministère de l'Éducation nationale.
La direction de l'architecture et la direction générale des Arts et lettres intègrent le ministère des Affaires culturelles lors de sa création en 1959.
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