15/12/1972
CCSC
Comité de coordination pour le service civil et les volontariats (France)
La loi du 21 décembre 1963 reconnaît aux objecteurs de conscience français le droit de cité, mais de manière extrêmement limitée et encadrée. De plus, elle n’aborde pas la question de l’organisation du service de remplacement et laisse au gouvernement une marge de manoeuvre maximale à travers les décrets d’application. A partir de 1966, des conventions sont signées entre l’Etat et des associations qui sont agréées à accueillir des objecteurs, comme ATD Quart-Monde, Emmaüs, Cotravaux, etc. Cette dernière délègue rapidement la gestion administrative de ces objecteurs à d'autres associations, notamment le Service civil international.
A la fin des années 1960, le SCI gère la majorité des dossiers d’objecteurs de conscience. En 1970-1971, c’est autour de ¾ des objecteurs qui sont accueillis par l’intermédiaire du SCI. A cet effet, il a mis en place une coordination appelée « Coordination SCI/OC », qui a un double rôle. D'une part, elle regroupe les objecteurs qui se réunissent chaque semestre en assemblée générale, et elle devient un peu le porte-parole des objecteurs. D'autre part, elle assure la gestion administrative des objecteurs par un système de « mise à disposition d’objecteurs » auprès de structures d’accueil. De nombreuses associations non agréées accueillent ainsi des objecteurs par son intermédiaire : Maisons de jeunes et de la culture, auberges de jeunesse, associations de solidarité avec les travailleurs immigrés, foyers de jeunes travailleurs, etc. Si la structure d’accueil prend en charge la nourriture et le logement, le SCI conserve la responsabilité juridique et administrative (relations avec l’administration, assurance, etc.) et met sur pied des stages d’incorporation.
Craignant que cette sous-traitance paralyse son activité strictement associative et qu’elle remette en cause son indépendance vis-à-vis des pouvoirs publics, le SCI cherche alors à externaliser cette activité, désormais indispensable au bon déroulement du service civil des objecteurs. C’est dans ce contexte, que différentes associations accueillant des objecteurs de conscience se réunissent dès de début de l’année 1971. Elles aboutissent à la création du Comité de coordination pour le service civil (CCSC) à la fin de l'année 1972. On compte alors une forte représentation des membres de Cotravaux puisque, parmi les huit associations élues au conseil d’administration du CCSC, 5 en sont membres. L'objectif du CCSC est de devenir l'interlocuteur et le coordinateur unique de tous les objecteurs en service civil et de toutes les associations d'accueil, tout en conservant un lien privilégié avec les pouvoirs publics.
Mais l’exacerbation des conflits entre les objecteurs et les pouvoirs publics au début des années 1970 l'empêche de jouer ce rôle. En 1972, l’Etat décide l’affectation autoritaire des objecteurs au sein de l’Office national des forêts (ONF) pour la première année, soumet les objecteurs à un règlement d'inspiration militaire et transfère leur gestion du ministère chargé de la Santé publique à celui chargé de l'Agriculture. Une grande majorité des objecteurs refuse ces nouvelles dispositions. Après de nombreuses hésitations, le CCSC soutient les revendications des objecteurs. Au milieu des années 1970, il se retrouve isolé : il comptait 33 associations adhérentes en novembre 1973, il n’en conserve plus que 10 en décembre 1976. En effet, il est abandonné par les pouvoirs publics puis par les associations d’accueil qui le trouvent trop militant et qui acceptent de prendre des objecteurs selon les conditions fixées par l’Etat. De leur côté, les objecteurs, et tout particulièrement les Comités de lutte des objecteurs (CLO, voir notice) lui reprochent une attitude trop conciliante envers l’Etat.
En 1977, le CCSC s'engage alors dans une refonte de sa politique et des ses actions. Il modifie alors ses statuts pour s’orienter plus vers la défense et la promotion du service civil et non plus, comme auparavant, exclusivement la défense des objecteurs.
Au début des années 1980, il participe aux négociations pour étudier la réforme du statut des objecteurs de conscience. Cela aboutit à la loi du 8 juillet 1983 qui améliore certaines dispositions contenues dans la loi du 22 décembre 1963. Le service des objecteurs de conscience n'est plus une simple tolérance, il est désormais reconnu comme une des formes légales d'accomplissement du service national et la nouvelle loi autorise la diffusion d'informations concernant l'objection de conscience.
En 2003, le CCSC change ses statuts de façon à entrer pleinement dans la nouvelle phase de développement du service civil et des volontariats ouverte de 1996 à 2002 par la longue réforme du service national. Cette refondation est l'occasion de produire un travail approfondi sur la définition de l'objet statutaire du nouveau CCSC désormais intitulé « Comité de Coordination pour le service civil et les volontariats ».
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