17 septembre 1811
10 mars 1865
Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph (1811-1865) ; comte de)
Morny, Charles Auguste Louis Joseph (1811-1865) ; duc de)
Morny, Auguste de (1811-1865)
Charles-Auguste-Louis-Joseph, comte puis duc de Morny (1811-1865), est né sous le nom de Charles Auguste Demorny. Il est le fils naturel du général Charles de Flahaut (lui-même fils naturel de Talleyrand) et de la reine Hortense de Beauharnais, et par suite le frère utérin de Napoléon III. C'est à partir de 1833, après avoir appris la véritable identité de sa mère qu'il change son nom en « comte de Morny ». Il recevra le titre ducal en 1862.
Après avoir mené la vie de la jeunesse dorée, il entre dans l’armée en 1830, sert comme officier en Algérie où il s'illustre en 1835. Il démissionne en 1838 pour revenir en France se livrer aux distractions mondaines et aux affaires.
Il achète en 1837 la sucrerie Bourdon, près de Clermont-Ferrand, en association avec sa maîtresse, Fanny le Hon, fille du banquier Alfred Mosselmann, épouse de Charles Le Hon, ministre plénipotentiaire du roi des Belges Léopold Ier à Paris. Morny fait fructifier la sucrerie, ce qui lui permet d'asseoir sa réputation dans les milieux financiers et politiques. Élu député du Puy-de-Dôme en 1842 et 1849, il poursuit ses acquisitions et ses développements financiers durant les années 1840 et 1850, mêlant étroitement ses activités politques et d'affaires.
Morny est l’un des artisans du coup d’État du 2 décembre, auquel il prend part comme ministre de l’Intérieur. Le 22 janvier 1852, Morny quitte son portefeuille ministériel pour ne pas s’associer aux décrets sur les biens de la famille d’Orléans. Cependant, il continue à jouer jusqu’à sa mort un rôle politique de premier plan, soit par ses relations personnelles avec Napoléon III, soit comme président du Corps législatif (1854).
Sous le Second Empire, Morny poursuit ses affaires : il investit dans la ligne ferroviaire Lyon-Avignon et s'associe en 1853 avec les Péreire pour la création de la compagnie ferroviaire Grand Central (liaison Lyon-Bordeaux) ; il spécule à Paris sur les terrains destinés à former les grands boulevards haussmaniens et attire auprès de lui de nombreux entrepreneurs et promoteurs. Menant grand train (il inspire à Alphonse Daudet, son secrétaire, le personnage du duc de Mora dans son romanLe Nababparu en 1877), Morny favorise la fondation et le développement de l'hippodrome de Longchamp, des villes de Deauville et du Vésinet, entretient une écurie de chevaux de courses et se constitue une importante collection de tableaux.
Nommé ambassadeur de France en Russie (1856-1857), il y épouse la princesse Sophie Troubeskoï (1838-1896), qui lui donne quatre enfants : Charlotte (1858-1883), mariée en 1877 à José Osorio et Heredia, comte de la Corzana ; Auguste, duc de Morny (1859-1920) marié à Carlotta Guzman et Ybarra ; Serge (1861-1922) ; Mathilde (1863-1944), épouse de de Jacques Godart, marquis de Belbeuf dont elle divorça, dite « Missy ». Morny a eu aussi de sa liaison avec Fanny Le Hon une fille naturelle, Louise Le Hon (1838-1931), mariée au prince Stanislas Poniatowski.
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