30 novembre 1959
29 octobre 1988
La date de début et la date de fin correspondent aux dates de déclaration en préfecture.
Constituée le 27 novembre 1959, l’association Discothèque de France est déclarée à la préfecture de la Seine trois jours plus tard. Son objet est la diffusion de la pensée humaine via la musique, les arts, les sciences, les lettres, etc. Les moyens d’action de l’association sont la diffusion de disque d’enregistrement d’œuvres classiques et modernes, tant parlées que chantées, ou musicales, l’organisation de manifestations artistiques publiques ou privées, les conférences, des séances de projections cinématographiques, des émissions radiophoniques et télévisées et, plus généralement, toutes entreprises susceptibles de promouvoir la réalisation du but poursuivi.
L’objectif de l’association est de susciter en France l’organisation de collections de disques (discothèques) et de favoriser ainsi la communication publique des œuvres enregistrées, plus particulièrement en organisant le prêt de ces documents. Pour les membres de la Discothèque de France, à une époque où discothèque renvoie uniquement à un lieu de réunion où il est possible de danser au son d’une musique enregistrée, il s’agit de faire considérer le microsillon comme un authentique instrument de culture et de le faire entrer dans les collections publiques, en particulier celles des bibliothèques, afin de toucher un large public. Conduite par Jean Rouvet (1917-1992), issu des rangs du Théâtre national populaire que Jean Vilar (1912-1971) dirige alors, cette démarche est soutenue par le ministère de la Culture et par la préfecture et la ville de Paris. Au cours de son histoire, l’association installe des discothèques dans des maisons de jeunes, des centres sociaux des HLM, des musées, des maisons de la culture, des bibliothèques et des cafés. Elle invente également les discobus, des discothèques installées dans des camionnettes qui parcourent la banlieue parisienne. Entre autres actions, la Discothèque de France organise des stages pratiques pour les futurs discothécaires, publie des monographies et des discographies, met en place de petites expositions itinérantes, etc.
En 1963, la Discothèque de France signe une convention avec le Centre national de diffusion culturelle. En 1967, elle se voit offrir par la Ville de Paris la mise en place de discothèques dans les bibliothèques municipales grâce à la création d’une association filiale : la Discothèque de la Ville de Paris, à l’origine de la constitution de la Discothèque des Halles. En 1983 et pour la première fois depuis 1959, grâce à l’initiative de l’association, le ministère de la Culture décide l’attribution de crédit d’achats de disques à des centaines de bibliothèques publiques pour les inciter à créer ou à développer des collections de disques et cassettes.
En 1988, année de la dissolution de l’association, son bilan mérite d’être remarqué. Entre cinq cent et six cent établissements ont enrichi leurs collections de livres par des disques : bibliothèques municipales, départementales, comité d’entreprise, etc. Le ministère de la Culture a créé le Centre national de coopération des bibliothèques publiques afin d’encourager l’échange d’informations entre structures. La Ville de Paris a créé un service technique d’acquisition et de catalogage des disques afin de coordonner l’action de son réseau de vingt-cinq bibliothèques municipales.
Pionnière dans l’utilisation de l’outil informatique pour le catalogage, le partage et la mise en réseau des collections des discothèques, la Discothèque de France peut être considérée comme le moteur de la création de ce qu’il convient désormais d’appeler les médiathèques.
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