13 mars 1973
Coordination des inspections
France. Ministère de l'Agriculture. Inspection de l'enseignement agricole (1973-....)
Les premières mesures relatives à l'inspection de l'enseignement agricole sont prises en 1841 au travers de l'arrêté du 27 janvier 1841 du ministre de l'Agriculture et du Commerce réglant les attributions des inspecteurs de l'agriculture. Lors de leurs tournées auprès des instituts agricoles ou écoles d'agriculture : « [les inspecteurs] devront entrer dans le détail de cet enseignement, s'enquérir des cours professés, de la manière dont ils le sont, du nombre et de la composition des élèves, de leur entretien en général ».
Le 1er décembre 1883, l'arrêté du ministre de l'Agriculture portant création d'une inspection générale de l'enseignement agricole, installe les missions d'inspection de l'enseignement, parallèlement à l'inspection de l'agriculture. Cette situation perdure jusqu'à la publication de l'arrêté du 20 octobre 1898 portant réorganisation de l'inspection de l'agriculture, précédé d'un rapport du directeur de l'agriculture au ministre, qui préconise dans son article premier la fusion des deux services d'inspection.
Durant toute la IIIe République et la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les missions d'inspection de l'enseignement agricole se poursuivent sous couvert de l'inspection générale de l'agriculture.
En 1956, le décret n° 56-645 du 27 juin 1956 portant règlement d'administration publique pour la fixation de certaines règles statutaires applicables aux inspectrices de l'enseignement ménager agricole et aux inspecteurs de l'apprentissage agricole confère un statut provisoire aux inspectrices de l'enseignement ménager agricole qui sont chargées, sous le contrôle des inspecteurs généraux de l'agriculture, de l'inspection des écoles d'enseignement ménager. Quant aux établissements de l'enseignement agricole masculin, leurs contrôles et inspections demeurent une prérogative de l'inspection générale de l'agriculture.
Le 19 avril 1962, René Chatelain, inspecteur de l'agriculture, est mis à disposition pour être chargé des fonctions d'inspecteur des établissements d'enseignement du second degré du ministère de l'Agriculture. Ses missions portent essentiellement sur la gestion administrative et le fonctionnement financier des établissements.
Malgré la loi du 2 août 1960 relative à l'enseignement et à la formation professionnelle agricole, il faut attendre le 16 mars 1973 et la publication du décret n° 73-362 relatif au statut particulier du corps des inspecteurs de l'administration de l'enseignement agricole, suivi de l'arrêté fixant l'échelonnement indiciaire pour que soit créé un corps des inspecteurs de l'administration de l'enseignement agricole, auquel sont intégrés les inspectrices de l'enseignement ménager agricole et les inspecteurs de l'apprentissage agricole. Dans son article 1er, le décret stipule que « les fonctionnaires de ce corps sont chargés du contrôle administratif et financier des établissements d'enseignement, de formation professionnelle ou de promotion sociale agricole placés sous l'autorité du ministre chargé de l'agriculture, ainsi que des établissements privés placés sous son contrôle ».
Au sein de l'administration du ministère, les fonctions d'inspection des établissements d'enseignement avant et après la création du corps spécifique des inspecteurs de l'enseignement agricole, restent rattachées à la direction générale de l'enseignement et de la recherche. Néanmoins il faut attendre 1982 et la création de la coordination des inspections, pour que les différentes inspections soient centralisées en un même lieu alors qu'auparavant, l'inspection administrative et financière, dirigée par René Chatelain avait son siège, depuis 1973, à Antony (Hauts-de-Seine), dans les locaux du Centre technique du génie rural des eaux et des forêts ; le secrétariat des inspections pédagogiques était implanté sur différents sites du ministère : rue de Las Cases, avenue du Maine ; enfin, l'inspection des exploitations assurée par un ingénieur général d'agronomie a occupé plusieurs sites : rue du Louvre et avenue du Maine.
A la suite des lois n° 84-579 du 9 juillet 1984 portant rénovation de l'enseignement agricole public et n° 84-1285 du 31 décembre 1984 portant réforme des relations entre l’État et les établissements d'enseignement agricole privés et modifiant la loi n° 84-579 du 9 juillet 1984 portant rénovation de l'enseignement agricole public, les besoins en contrôle des établissements publics et privés se trouvent renforcés. Le décret n° 87-30 du 20 janvier 1987 relatif aux conditions de nomination et d'avancement dans les emplois d'inspecteur et d'inspecteur principal de l'enseignement agricole, crée une inspection de l'enseignement agricole constituée des inspecteurs de l'enseignement agricole à compétence pédagogique (article 6) et à compétence administrative (article 7), ainsi que des inspecteurs principaux qui ont vocation à connaître le fonctionnement général des établissements d'enseignement secondaire et de formation professionnelle (article 11).
En 1999, la loi n° 99-574 du 9 juillet 1999 d'orientation agricole modifie le code rural et de la pêche maritime, lequel dispose dans son article L 811-4-1 que « l'inspection de l'enseignement agricole concourt à la mise en œuvre de la politique éducative arrêtée par le ministre de l'agriculture. Elle participe notamment au contrôle et à l'évaluation des établissements, des agents et des formations ».
Puis en 2002, l’arrêté du 2 septembre 2002 relatif aux missions de l’inspection de l’enseignement agricole définit celles-ci plus précisément en rappelant ses missions permanentes :
l’inspection des établissements et des dispositifs d’enseignement et de formation, l’inspection des agents, pouvant revêtir, selon les cas, trois formes – le conseil, l’évaluation, le contrôle.
l’expertise et l’appui en faveur des différents échelons de l’administration.
la contribution à l’animation générale du système d’enseignement et de formation professionnelle agricoles.
la participation à la formation initiale et continue des personnels du système d’enseignement et de formation professionnelle agricoles.
Enfin l'article 2 de l'arrêté du 30 juin 2008, portant organisation et attributions de la direction générale de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, place auprès du directeur général de l'enseignement et de la recherche, l'inspection de l'enseignement agricole qui est chargée « des missions permanentes d'inspection, d'expertise et d'appui. Elle contribue à l'animation générale du système d'enseignement et de formation professionnelle agricoles et participe à la formation initiale et continue des personnels de l'enseignement. Elle contribue au recrutement des personnels ayant vocation à travailler dans l'enseignement agricole ».
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