1899
2008
De février 1907 à avril 1934 et de novembre 1942 à novembre 1944, il n'y a pas de service de surveillance du territoire à la direction de la Sûreté.
France. Direction de la Sûreté générale. Contrôle des services de la surveillance du territoire
France. Direction générale de la Sûreté nationale. Contrôle général des services de surveillance du territoire
CGST
France. Direction générale de la Sûreté nationale. Direction de la surveillance du territoire
France. Direction générale de la Police nationale. Direction de la surveillance du territoire
DST
France. Ministère de l'Intérieur. Direction générale de la police nationale. Direction de la surveillance du territoire (1899-2008)
Le décret du 23 février 1949 relatif à l'organisation de l'administration centrale du ministère de l'Intérieur place la direction de la surveillance du territoire au sein de la direction de la sûreté nationale (décret n°49-242 du 23 février 1949 relatif à l'organisation de l'administration centrale du ministère de l'Intérieur : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000000482986)
Le décret du 29 septembre 1969 portant réorganisation du ministère de l'Intérieur place la direction de la surveillance du territoire au sein de la direction générale de la police nationale (décret n°69-888 du 29 septembre 1969 portant réorganisation du ministère de l'Intérieur : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000307680).
L'arrêté du 16 juin 1982 définit l'organisation et les attributions de la direction générale de la police nationale, dont la DST (arrêté du 16 juin 1982 définissant l'organisation et les attributions de la direction générale de la police nationale : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jo_pdf.do?id=JORFTEXT000000490363).
Le décret du 22 décembre 1982 fixe les attributions de la direction de la surveillance du territoire (décret n°82-1100 du 22 décembre 1982 fixant les attributions de la direction de la surveillance du territoire : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000883835).
La direction de la surveillance du territoire est supprimée par la création de la direction centrale du renseignement intérieur le 1er juillet 2008 (décret n° 2008-609 du 27 juin 2008 relatif aux missions et à l'organisation de la direction centrale du renseignement intérieur : https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000019078545).
Organisation interne du contrôle général de la surveillance du territoire en 1935 :
1ère section : répression de l'espionnage
2ème section : centralisation du renseignement - Police de l'air - Contrôle des postes TSF
Organisation interne du service de la surveillance du territoire en 1942 :
1ère section : répression des menées portant atteinte à la sécurité nationale
2ème section : Police de l'air - Recherche des postes émetteurs clandestins - Colombophilie
Organisation interne de la direction de la surveillance du territoire en 1946 :
service central actif
police de la cirulation aérienne
service d'études, de documentation et d'exploitation
police des communications radio-électriques
Les organigrammes récents de la direction de la surveillance du territoire ne sont pas publics.
Directeurs successifs des services de la surveillance du territoire entre 1935 et 2008 :
- ? (1935-1939)
- contrôleur général Castaing (1939-1941)
- capitaine de vaisseau Rollin (1941-1942)
- Roger Wybot (1944-1958)
- Gabriel Eriau (1959-1961)
- Daniel Doustin (1961-1964)
- Tony Roche (1964-1967)
- Jean Rochet (1967-1972)
- Henri Biard (1972-1974)
- Jacques Chartron (1974-1975)
- Marcel Chalet (1975-1982)
- Yves Bonnet (1982-1985)
- Rémy Pautrat (1985-1986)
- Bernard Gérard (1986-1990)
- Jacques Fournet (1990-1993)
- Philippe Parant (1993-1997)
- Jean-Jacques Pascal (1997-2002)
- Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (2002-2007)
- Bernard Squarcini (2007-2008)
Un contrôle des services de la surveillance du territoire est créé, une première fois au sein de la direction de la Sûreté, en mai 1899 à la suite de l'affaire Dreyfus. Il s'agissait de retirer au ministère de la Guerre ses attributions de contre-espionnage et de surveillance des frontières. Le service est supprimé dès 1907, ses fonctions sont reprises par le contrôle général des services de recherches judiciaires désormais chargé de la répression de l'espionnage.
En 1934, dans le cadre d'une réforme importante de la direction de la Sûreté, le contrôle général des services de la surveillance du territoire refait son apparition dans l'organigramme de la direction de la Sûreté. Selon les termes du décret du 13 juin 1934 : "Le contrôle général des services de surveillance du territoire a pour mission exclusive d'assurer en France, par une coordination méthodique des attributions de la police spéciale, l'application de la loi du 26 janvier 1934 tendant à réprimer l'espionnage, ainsi que les crimes et délits intéressant la sûreté extérieure de l'Etat".
En novembre 1942, les autorités d'occupation allemande interdisent à la France le maintien en exercice de ses services de contre-espionnage.
En novembre 1944, le gouvernement provisoire de la République française instaure une direction de la surveillance du territoire au sein de la direction de la Sûreté. La direction est confiée à Roger Wybot, qui dirigeait à Londres la section de contre-espionnage du Bureau central de renseignements et d'action (BCRA). Selon les termes de l'ordonnance de novembre 1944, les attributions de la direction de la surveillance du territoire sont :
la recherche et la centralisation de renseignements de contre-espionnage ;
la police des communications aériennes ;
la police des communications radio-électriques ;
la répression de toutes les infractions tombant sous le coup du décret du 29 juillet 1939.
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