1385
1834-01-26
La creación, composición, funcionamiento y supresión de la oficina están regulados en las siguientes normas:
- Ordenanzas de la Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Córdoba de 1485. Capítulo XXVII.
- Ordenanzas de la Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Piedrahita, de 13 de abril de 1486. Capítulo XXXIII.
- Cédula de nombramiento como Registrador Mayor de la Chancillería de Valladolid a favor de D. Rodrigo Calderón, Marqués de Sieteiglesias. 1607/04/06. Valladolid.
- Cédula de nombramiento como Archivero de Pleitos Fenecidos a favor de D. Rodrigo Calderón, marqués de Sieteiglesisas. 1607/11/12. Valladolid.
- Real Orden de 1764/08/02 por la que se incorporan los oficios de Registrador Mayor y Archivero de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid a la Corona.
- Real Decreto de 1834-01-26, por el que se suprimen las Chancillerías de Valladolid y Granada, y se crean en su lugar las Reales Audiencias (posteriormente Audiencias Territoriales).
- Ordenanzas de las Audiencias de 1835-12-20. Título II, cap. VII. De los cancilleres-registradores (arts. 146 a 153 inclusive).
El capítulo XXVII de las Ordenanzas de Córdoba de 1485 establece la obligación de que el registrador "... en fin de cada año faga encuadernar los registros de aquel año todos juntamente y los ponga en el Archivo de la dicha nuestra casa de Audiencia...". A partir de este momento, las distintas series documentales producidas por el Registro fueron ingresando en el archivo, donde se conservaron tal y como salieron de la oficina, aunque con algunas alteraciones importantes, como la desaparición del registro de probanzas originales y la creación, en el siglo XX, de la colección de Vizcaínas con provisiones de vizcaína extraídas del Registro de ejecutorias.
A través de la documentación que se conserva en el archivo, fundamentalmente las declaraciones vertidas por los propios archiveros-registradores en los expedientes que se tramitaron para todo tipo de cuestiones relacionadas con el trabajo de su oficina (contratación de personal, revisión de aranceles), conocemos las distintas series documentales que producía la oficina del Registro:
- El registro de ejecutorias, que ha llegado hasta nuestros días tal y como salió de la oficina productora, aunque con alguna variación que se detalla en el nivel de serie.
- El registro de provisiones, que, de la misma forma que el anterior, ha llegado a nuestros días con alguna alteración que se detalla en el nivel de serie.
- Los libros de matrícula de ejecutorias, probanzas y otros despachos, en los que se hacía el "asiento formal" al que se alude en el informe de 1815.
- El registro de probanzas originales, la única de las series producidas por el Registro que no ha llegado a nuestros días, aunque sin duda existió, en vista de las abundantes referencias presentes en la documentación relativas a lo costoso de su ordenación dado su gran volumen. Este registro estaba compuesto por las probanzas originales que los escribanos receptores entregaban en el tribunal, y de las que se sacaba una copia que se introducía en los procesos que se custodiaban en las escribanías de cámara antes de su paso al archivo. Para hacernos una idea de sus características es preciso acudir al Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Granada, donde sí se ha conservado esta serie de probanzas originales. Soterraña Martín Postigo afirma que esta documentación fue vendida como papel inútil, dado que la información que contenía se encontraba ya en los propios procesos a través de las copias de las probanzas, aunque no ha quedado constancia documental de dicha eliminación.
- A estas series hay que añadir una más: la de provisiones de Vizcaína. Se trata de una serie de la que no hay constancia en la época histórica del archivo (no se ha encontrado referencia alguna relativa a su existencia anterior al siglo XX). Más que de una serie, se trata en realidad de una colección formada en el siglo XX mediante la selección temática de documentos pertenecientes a otras series (Basanta de la Riva).
Los orígenes del Registro de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid se sitúan en el capítulo XXVII de las Ordenanzas de la Chancillería de Córdoba de 1485, en el que se ordena que el Registrador Mayor del Sello de Corte nombre un teniente en la Chancillería para que actúe como registrador en su nombre "e no los escribanos de las notarías nin otra persona alguna, aunque diga que fasta aquí lo tenían de uso e costumbre".
Durante todo el siglo XVI no se observan cambios significativos en el funcionamiento del registro, hasta que en el año 1607 se crea el oficio de Registrador Mayor de la Real Audiencia y Chancillería de Valladolid, lo que supone "de iure" la segregación de este oficio respecto del de Registrador Mayor del Sello de Corte. A continuación se crea el oficio de Archivero de Pleitos Fenecidos, que será desempeñado por la misma persona que el de registrador hasta la supresión de la Chancillería en 1834. En el año 1764 ambos oficios son incorporados a la Corona, con lo que pasan de ser patrimoniales a públicos.
Las funciones principales del Registro de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid eran dos:
- Registrar todos los documentos que expedía la Audiencia y Chancillería, como requisito previo a su sellado y posterior expedición.
- Conservar una copia de todos los documentos que se registraban, gracias a la cual el tribunal conservaba memoria de los documentos expedidos y los interesados podían obtener traslados y copias en caso de pérdida o destrucción del original.
En el desempeño de esas funciones, en la oficina del Registro se llevaban a cabo las siguientes tareas:
- Cotejar todas las copias de ejecutorias, provisiones y otros despachos de las salas de justicia que los escribanos presentaban al registro.
- Guardar las copias de los registros en el archivo, formando dos series independientes: por un lado los registros de las provisiones y por otro lado los registros de ejecutorias y otros despachos.
- Asentar en un libro las ejecutorias que se iban despachando cada año.
- Inventariar las probanzas originales que los receptores entregaban en el archivo, y ordenar y mantener el registro de probanzas originales.
- Hacer buscas y traslados de registros.
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