9 septembre 1822
17 mars 1891
Napoléon, Le prince (1822-1891)
Napoléon, Prince (1822-1891)
Prince Jérôme, Le (1822-1891)
Prince Napoléon, Le (1822-1891)
Bonaparte, Napoléon-Joseph-Charles-Paul (1822-1891)
Né à Trieste (Italie) le 9 septembre 1822, Napoléon-Joseph-Charles-Paul Bonaparte, plus communément appelé Napoléon Jérôme Bonaparte, puis ensuite prince Jérôme ou prince Napoléon, est le second fils de Jérôme Bonaparte, ex-roi de Westphalie, et de la princesse Catherine de Wurtemberg. Il est représentant aux Assemblées constituante et législative de 1848-1849, sénateur du Second Empire, et député de 1876 à 1877.
Elevé d'abord à Rome puis à Florence, il termine ses études à Genève et à Arenenberg ; il entre à l'École militaire de Louisbourg (Wurtemberg), en sort premier avec le grade de lieutenant, envoie peu après sa démission, et se met à voyager en Allemagne, en Angleterre, en Espagne. Il obtient du ministère Guizot, à force d'insistance, l'autorisation de venir à Paris, et se lie avec quelques-uns des chefs du parti démocratique ; le gouvernement de Louis-Philippe en prend ombrage et l'éloigne, mais pour lui permettre bientôt, à titre provisoire (1847), de rentrer en France avec son père l'ex-roi Jérôme.
La révolution du 24 février 1848 provoque chez le prince Napoléon un vif enthousiasme. Il se présente comme candidat républicain à l'Assemblée constituante, et est élu, le 23 avril, représentant de la Corse ; il siége à la gauche modérée et vote, au début de la session, avec la majorité.
Il prend place ensuite dans la gauche de l'Assemblée législative, où il a été élu, le 13 mai 1849, par deux départements, la Sarthe, pour lequel il opte, et la Charente-Inférieure ; il vote le plus souvent avec la gauche. Vers la fin de la législature, et aux premiers bruits de coup d'État, le prince Napoléon s'abstient, à dessein, de prendre parti dans les débats orageux qui signalent l'année 1851.
Le coup d'Etat accompli, le prince Napoléon se met d'abord à l'écart ; mais cette attitude ne dure pas, et il accepte de l'Empire restauré l'hérédité éventuelle de la couronne, et le titre de prince français, qui comporte de droit celui de sénateur.
Lors de la campagne de Crimée, le prince Napoléon s'embarque le 10 avril 1854, à Marseille, à la tête d'une division d'infanterie de réserve, qu'il laisse bientôt devant Sébastopol pour regagner la France et remplir les fonctions de président de la « commission impériale de l'Exposition universelle » .
Il voyage ensuite (1857) dans les mers du Nord, est quelque temps « ministre de l'Algérie et des Colonies » (1858-59) et donne sa démission, en raison de la tournure que prennent les affaires italiennes : il vient d'épouser (30 janvier 1859) la fille de Victor-Emmanuel, Clotilde-Marie-Thérèse de Savoie.
Quand la guerre d'Italie éclate, le prince Napoléon est envoyé à Livourne avec un corps d'armée : il y demeure jusqu'à la paix de Villafranca.
Il brille davantage comme orateur au Sénat, où il prononçe plusieurs discours importants. L'attitude d'opposant qu'il prend souvent à l'égard du gouvernement lui attire plus d'un désaveu de la part de Napoléon III. À la suite d'une harangue prononcée en Corse, à l'occasion de l'inauguration de la statue de Napoléon Ier, il est même nettement blâmé par l'Empereur. Le prince se démet alors de ses fonctions de membre et vice-président du conseil privé, et de membre du conseil de régence.
Au Sénat, il vote, seul, contre l'adresse de 1864. Sa disgrâce n'est d'ailleurs qu'officielle ; il semble tenir surtout à sa réputation de libre-penseur, et la petite cour du Palais-Royal, résidence officielle du prince, réunit fréquemment About, Renan, Sainte-Beuve, que le parti catholique regarde comme ses plus dangereux ennemis.
Entre-temps, il voyage en Europe sur un yacht à vapeur, construit pour lui, leJérôme-Napoléon.
En 1869, lorsque l'Empire se fait parlementaire et « libéral », il passe pour avoir exercé quelque influence sur la politique nouvelle qu'annonçe le message du mois de juillet. La vérité est qu'il s'attache dans un discours (août 1869) au Sénat, à propos de la discussion sur le sénatus-consulte, à revendiquer pour la France les garanties d'un gouvernement constitutionnel ; son opinion est combattue par Rouher, président du Sénat, avec une certaine vivacité.
Après le plébiscite, le prince Napoléon vient d'entreprendre un nouveau voyage sur les côtes de Norvège (2 juillet 1870), quand les événements politiques le rapellent en France. Il n'obtient, cette fois, aucun commandement dans l'armée, et essaie vainement de décider Victor-Emmanuel à prêter son concours contre la Prusse ; il apprend à Florence la capitulation de Sedan et la proclamation de la République, se retire avec sa femme et ses enfants au château de Prangins en Suisse, et se tient à l'écart pendant toute la durée de la guerre.
Il ne rentre en scène que le 7 octobre 1871, comme membre du conseil général de la Corse ; son passage en France pour se rendre à son poste, à Ajaccio, donne lieu à des démonstrations hostiles contre sa personne, et le débat, au sein du conseil, sur la validation de son élection amène le retrait de tous les membres bonapartistes, et la démission du prince, qui part pour l'Italie.
Réélu conseiller en 1872, il est expulsé de France par le gouvernement de Thiers ; le ministère du 24 mai lui refuse le rétablissement de son nom sur la liste des généraux de division.
La mort imprévue du prince impérial vient raviver l'ambition du prince, qui, devenu le chef de la famille Bonaparte, n'est toutefois accepté pour prétendant à l'Empire que par une fraction du parti bonapartiste. Beaucoup lui opposent son fils aîné Victor-Napoléon, désigné par le prince impérial lui-même comme son successeur. Il est banni de France en 1886 par la loi d'exil frappant tous les membres des familles ayant régné sur la France. Retiré à Prangins, il meurt le 17 mars 1891 lors d'un séjour à Rome où il a l'habitude de passer ses hivers.
Was this content helpful? Let Archives Portal Europe and the archival institution know what you think.
Feedback is sent directly to the institution holding this material and should preferably be submitted in English or in the language of the institution, if possible. The institution will aim at getting back to you as soon as possible to help you with your request, though you might need to allow between two and four weeks for this depending on the current workload at the institution.
Please select amongst the relevant tips we can help with. If you still have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us, and we will be in touch as soon as possible.
Starting your search here will include all content available in Archives Portal Europe. Simply enter your keyword(s) and hit the search button. Wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks, e.g. “French Revolution”. Check the box to “Search each term separately” in case you are looking for documents containing at least one word, but not necessarily all keywords; this will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages at the same time (e.g. “French Revolution” “Révolution Française”). You can also use wildcards - find more about Research Tools here. If you would like to use more specific settings, try our Advanced search
The additional advanced search options give you the possibility to focus your search in:
When searching with multiple terms at the same time, wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks (e.g. "French Revolution"), or check the box "Search each term separately" in case you are looking for either one term of the other. This will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages (e.g. "French Revolution" "Révolution française"). You can also choose one of the suggestions matching your search term once you start typing.
This will only show results that include documents that have been digitised and are available online
Use this option to search only one or more keywords, rather than all of them
Select where your search terms should appear specifically inside the archival description:
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the description of the archive:
Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions:
Enter a start and/or end date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01-01-1900 for 1 January 1900. This will allow you to focus your search on a specific period of time. You can use the calendar function or type directly in the text field. The checkbox "Exact date search" concentrates the search on one specific date.
Check "View in context" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of archives.
For more details see Research Tools
Please sign in to save your searches.
A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level.
You can filter results by selecting one or more countries of interest. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by one or more holding archival institutions. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can select to view results from a specific Finding Aid, i.e., a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter by type of descriptive document:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting "Fonds description" for a general overview or "Other descriptions" for item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter
selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results
matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting only those containing digital objects, i.e. the link to the digitised version of the archival material you are looking for. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by type of digital object you are interested in:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)
Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by type of entities:
You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.
Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version
What kind of suggestion would you like to make?
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Licence
This object is not or no longer protected by copyright and has been labelled with the Public Domain Mark. It can be used by anyone without any restrictions.
This object is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. All possible existing rights in the content are waived, and the object can be used by anyone without any restrictions.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution (BY) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object, even
commercially, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described
in the licence.
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Share Alike Licence
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NoDerivs
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NonCommercial
This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.
This object has been
identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in
line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive
2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October
2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.
The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the
copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.
This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even
commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.
If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights
holder as described in
the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same
terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights
holder as described in
the licence.
If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.
This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.
This object has been
identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in
line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive
2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October
2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.
The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the
copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.
This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.