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Raadiokomitee ENSV RKN juures, Tallinn

Corporate body | 1940 - 1990 Identifier: NAE110000017471
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Estonia
The National Archives of Estonia

Date of foundation:

1940

Date of closing:

1990

Alternative names:

Eestikeelsete saadete toimetus üleliidulise Raadiokomitee juures, Moskva, Leningrad

Raadiokomitee ENSV Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu juures, Tallinn

Raadiokomitee ENSV MN juures, Tallinn

Raadioinformatsiooni Komitee ENSV MN juures, Tallinn

ENSV Kultuuriministeeriumi Raadioinformatsiooni Peavalitsus

ENSV MN j.a. Raadio ja Televisiooni Komitee, Tallinn

ENSV MN Riiklik Raadio ja Televisiooni Komitee, Tallinn

ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu Riiklik Televisiooni ja Raadio Komitee

FUNCTION

Note:

Raadiokomitee (1940): ringhäälingu juhtimine ja raadiolevi edendamine ENSV-s.

Peale Teist maailmasõda: NLKP ja NSVL sise- ja välispoliitika ning kommunistliku ideoloogia tutvustamine; liiduvabariikide majandusliku, riikliku ja kultuurilise tegevuse kajastamine; välisriikide tegevuse ja olukorra kajastamine; liiduvabariikide ja välisriikide kultuurialaste teoste tutvustamine; välisriikide elanike informeerimine NSVL saavutustest; sidemete loomine ja arendamine teiste riikide raadio- ja televisiooniorganisatsioonidega.

Raadioinformatsiooni Komitee (1950): saadete organiseerimine, linnade ja maakondade raadioinformatsiooni töö juhtimine ja organisatsioonilis-metoodilise abi osutamine maakonnas ajalehtede toimetustele raadiosaadete korraldamisel, helisalvestuste organiseerimine vabariiklike saadete jaoks, NSVL kesk-ringhäälingu saadete ülekandmise organiseerimine. 1954. aasta põhimäärusega lisandus televisioonisaadete organiseerimine.

ENSV MN Riiklik Televisiooni ja Raadio Komitee (1971): televisiooni- ja raadiosaadete organiseerimine, parimate saadete konkursside korraldamine, tähtsamate sündmuste filmimine ja lindistamine, vastutab tehniliste vahendite eest, saadete vastuvõtukvaliteedi kontrollimise organiseerimine, teatrite televisioonietenduste tellimise planeerimine koos ENSV Kultuuriministeeriumiga, saatekavade ja erialase kirjanduse välja andmine, näituste korraldamine, sidemete arendamine välisriikidega, Raadio ja Televisiooni Rahvusvahelise Organisatsiooni (OIRT) tegevusest osavõtmise korraldamine, oma kunstiliste kollektiivide esinemiste korraldamine

Used Languages:

Used script:

STRUCTURE

Note:

Eesti Televisioon:

01.1945. administratiiv-juhtiv personal: esimees, eriosakonna ülem, plaani-finantsosakonna juhataja, asjadevalitseja, pearaamatupidaja jt); tootmispersonal: ühiskondlik-poliitiliste saadete osakond, päevauudiste osakond, kunstiliste saadete osakond, tehniline osakond, kontrollosakond, raadioabonementide inspektsioon, masinakirjabüroo, informatsiooni-teadete büroo

05.1953. juhtkond, poliitiliste raadiosaadete peatoimetus, kunsti- ja muusikasaadete peatoimetus, korrespondentide võrgu juhataja, informatsiooni ja kuulutuste büroo, helisalvestuse ja tehnilise kontrolli osakond, masinakirjabüroo, raamatupidamine, administratiiv-majandusosakond, välissaadete toimetus

09.1957. administratiiv-juhtiv personal, poliitiliste saadete peatoimetus, kunstiliste saadete peatoimetus, välissaadete toimetus, sümfooniaorkester, estraadiorkester, segakoor

1959. Raadio: poliitiliste raadiosaadete toimetus (propaganda-, tööstus-, põllumajandus- ja noorsoosaated); raadioinformatsiooni saadete toimetus (päevauudised, spordisaated, "Päevakaja"); venekeelsete raadiosaadete toimetus; muusikaliste raadiosaadete toimetus; kunstiliste raadiosaadete toimetus (laste-, kirjandus-, kuuldemängulised- ja estraadisaated); ajalehe "Raadio ja Televisiooni Saatekava" toimetus; raadio ja televisiooni välissaadete toimetus (soomekeelsed raadio- ja televisioonisaated, eestikeelsed välissaated välisriikides viibivatele eestlastele, rootsikeelsed saated)

1959. Televisioon: poliitiliste saadete toimetused (tööstus- ja põllumajandussaadete toimetus, propagandasaadete toimetus, informatsioonisaadete toimetus, filmitootmise grupp); kunstiliste saadete toimetus (kirjandus-dramaatiliste saadete, muusika- ja estraadisaadete toimetus, laste- ja noorsoosaadete toimetus); teenindavad struktuurilised alajaotused (kinosaadete toimetus, lavastusjaoskond, teleoperaatorite, helisaadete ja saadete muusikalise kujundamise jaoskond)

1965. Raadio: propagandasaadete peatoimetus (kommunistlik kasvatus, tööstussaated, põllumajandussaated, teadus- ja tehnikasaated); informatsioonisaadete toimetus (päevauudised, päevakaja, spordisaated); venekeelsete saadete peatoimetus (vahendussaated); kunstiliste saadete peatoimetus (kirjandus-dramaatilised saated, laste- ja noortesaated); muusikasaadete peatoimetus; välissaadete peatoimetus (soomekeelsed saated, rootsikeelsed saated, eestikeelsed saated)

1966. Raadio: lisandus meelelahutussaadete peatoimetus "RAMETO"

1967. Televisioon: AK peatoimetus, propaganda- ja noortesaadete peatoimetus, muusikasaadete peatoimetus, laste- ja telekooli saadete peatoimetus, soomekeelsete saadete peatoimetus, rahvusvaheliste suhete peatoimetus, stuudio "Eesti Telefilm"

1970. Raadio: informatsiooni peatoimetus (päevakaja, päevauudised, keskööprogramm, spordisaated); propagandasaadete peatoimetus (kommunistlik kasvatus, rahvamajandussaated); laste- ja noortesaadete peatoimetus; kunstiliste saadete peatoimetus (kirjandussaated, kuuldemängud, meeleolusaated); venekeelsete saadete peatoimetus (ühiskondlik-poliitilised saated, kunstilised saated, laste- ja noortesaated, vahendussaated); muusikasaadete peatoimetus; välissaadete peatoimetus

1972. Eesti Televisioon: ETV direktsioon (osakonnad - tootmise planeerimine, programmeerimine, metoodika ja kaadri väljaõpe, programmi väljastamine, filmifondid, teleoperaatorid, helirežissöörid, kunstnikud, kirjade osakond, fotoosakond, teenindusosakond; ajalehe "Televisioon" toimetus, filmisaadete ja reklaami toimetus, fonoteek, masinakirjabüroo); AK peatoimetus (tööstussaated, põllumajandussaated, kultuurisaated, venekeelsed saated, spordisaated, Kohtla-Järve korrespondendi punkt); propagandasaadete peatoimetus (parte-elu saated, rahvusvahelised suhted, rahvamajandussaated, teadus- ja tehnikasaated, soomekeelsed saated); kirjandus- ja kunstisaadete peatoimetus (telelavastused, kirjandus- ja kunstisaated); muusikasaadete peatoimetus (muusikasaated, meelelahutussaated); noorte- ja lastesaadete peatoimetus (noortesaated, lastesaated, "Telekooli"); Tartu peatoimetus; stuudio "Eesti Telefilm"

1972. Eesti Raadio: administratiiv-juhtiv personal; plaani-finantsosakond; keskraamatupidamine; kaadri- ja eristööde osakond, administratiiv-majandusosakond; 1. programmi direktsioon (1. programm, kirjade osakond, teatmetoimetus, stereosaated, keskööprogramm, sekretariaat); informatsioonisaadete peatoimetus ("Päevakaja", päevauudised, heliinformatsioon, välisinformatsioon, spordisaated, venekeelsed päevauudised); propagandasaadete peatoimetus (propagandasaated, rahvamajandussaated); noorte- ja lastesaadete peatoimetus (noortesaated, lastesaated); kunstiliste saadete peatoimetus (kirjandussaated, kuuldemängud, RAMETO, režissööride grupp); venekeelsete saadete peatoimetus (ühiskondlik-poliitilised saated, noorte- ja lastesaated, vahendussaated); muusikasaadete peatoimetus (nõukogude rahvaste muusika, eesti muusika, välisriikide muusika, kerge muusika, repertuaari toimetus, muusikalise tunni toimetus); välissaadete peatoimetus (soome-, rootsi- ja eestikeelsed saated, eritoimetus); "Raadiolehe" toimetus; üldtehniline teenistus; ehitusgrupp; fonoteek; autotranspordi osakond, ekspluatatsiooni osakond; komandandi teenistus, soojus- ja vesivarustusgrupp

1975. Eesti Raadio noorte- ja lastesaadete peatoimetuse alla viidi Keskööprogrammi toimetus

1976. stuudio "Eesti Telefilm" nimetati ümber salvestatud programmide peatoimetuseks

1976. propaganda ja informatsiooni peatoimetused liideti ühtseks propaganda ja informatsiooni peatoimetuseks

09.1976. Eesti Televisioon: ETV programmi direktsioon (metoodika ja perspektiivse planeerimise ning kaadri väljaõppe osakond, programmeerimise osakond, propgrammi väljastamise osakond, filmisaadete ja reklaami osakond, sekretariaat, kunstnike osakond, teleoperaatorite osakond, heliosakond); stsenaariumide toimetuskolleegium; informatsiooni- ja propaganda peatoimetus (partei ja nõukogude elu, rahvamajandussaated, rahvusvahelised suhted, spordisaated, eelinformatsioon, režii); venekeelsete ja vahendussaadete peatoimetus (venekeelsed saated, vahendussaated, režii); kirjandus- ja kunstisaadete peatoimetus (kirjandus- ja kunstisaated, telelavastused ja teatrisaated, režii); muusikasaadete peatoimetus (muusikasaated, meelelahutussaated, režii); noorte- ja lastesaadete peatoimetus (noortesaated, lastesaated, "Telekool", režii); Tartu peatoimetus (programm, tootmisosakond); salvestatud programmide peatoimetus (stsenaariumide toimetus; dokumentaal-, populaarteaduslike, muusika-, mängu- ja õppefilmide osakond; töötlemisosakond; kroonika, olukirjeldusfilmide ja juurdevõtete osakond; lavastusosakond)

09.1976. Eesti Raadio: programmide peadirektsioon (programmide osakond; ajalehe "Raadioleht" toimetus; teaduslik-tehniline osakond - teaduslik grupp, stereo arendamise grupp, helirežissööride grupp; kaadri väljaõppe ja kirjade osakond; teenindusosakond - organisatsioonilise töö ja teatmeteenistus, saadete dokumenteerimisteenistus, helisalvestiste automatiseeritud otsimise teenistus); propaganda- ja informatsioonisaadete peatoimetus (osakonnad - propaganda, siseinformatsioon, välisinformatsioon); kunstiliste saadete peatoimetus (kuuldemängude ja kirjandussaadete osakond - kirjandussaated, kuuldemängud, režisööride grupp); noorte- ja lastesaadete peatoimetus; venekeelsete saadete peatoimetus; muusikasaadete peatoimetus (fondi- ja vahetussaadete toimetus, sõnalis-muusikaliste saadete toimetus); välissaadete peatoimetus (sekretariaat, Soome saadete osakond, Rootsi saadete osakond)

09.1976. Komitee keskaparaat: Komitee esimees, esimehe asetäitja, kolleegiumi liikmed, plaani-finantsosakond, keskraamatupidamine, kaadri- ja eritööde osakond, teine osakond. Televisiooni ja raadio üldteenistused: tehnilise kontrolli osakond, muusikakollektiivid (sümfooniaorkester, estraadiorkester, segakoor). Komitee isemajandavad ettevõtted: Vabariiklik Raadiotelekeskus; Arvutuskeskus

1978. Eesti Raadio programmide peadirektsiooni koosseisust likvideeriti teadus-tehniline osakond

1978. Eesti Raadio programmide peadirektsiooni koosseisu kuuluvate stereo arendamise grupi ja helirežissööride grupi ning kunstiliste saadete peatoimetuse koosseisu kuuluva režissööride grupi asemele moodustati programmide peadirektsiooni koosseisu kuuluv stereo-kvadro arendamise ja režii osakond

1978. Eesti Televisiooni salvestatud programmide peatoimetus: tootmisosakond; montaaži- ja komplekteerimisosakond (multigrupp); lavastusosakond

HISTORICAL NOTE

Historical note:

ENSV Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu (RKN) 22.11.1940 määrusega moodustati kooskõlas üleliidulise Radiofitseerimise ja Raadiolevi põhimäärusega (27.11.1933) ENSV RKN juurde Raadiokomitee, millele läksid üle Riigi Ringhäälingu funktsioonid. Raadiokomitee oli erieelarvega ja majandusliku arvestuse alusel tegutsev ning juriidilise isiku õigusi omav asutus. Sissetulekud sai raadiomaksudest, riigieelarvest, üleliiduliselt Radiofitseerimise ja Raadiolevi Komiteelt toetustena jm.

Teise maailmasõja ajal tegutsesid Nõukogude Liidu tagalas kaks eestikeelsete saadete toimetust: Üleliidulise Raadiokomitee eestikeelsete saadete toimetus Moskavas ja Leningradi oblasti Raadiokomitee eestikeelsete saadete toimetus.1943. aastal alustati operatiivgruppide moodustamist, mille ülesandeks oli ettevalmistuste tegemine tööks rahuaegsetes tingimustes. Raadiokomitee alustas uuesti tegevust 01.05.1944. 1950. aastal allus Komitee nii ENSV Ministrite Nõukogule (MN) kui ka NSVL MN Raadioinformatsiooni Komiteele.

Vastavalt ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi 27.04.1953 seadlusele ENSV liiduvabariiklike ministeeriumide ümberkujundamise kohta ühendati rida kultuurialaseid keskasutusi, sealhulgas ENSV MN Raadioinformatsiooni Komitee, ühtseks ENSV Kultuuriministeeriumiks. Komitee organiseeriti ümber ENSV Kultuuriministeeriumi Raadioinformatsiooni Peavalitsuseks. Peavalitsus oli ministeeriumi isemajandav ja iseseisev struktuuriüksus.

01.08.1955. aastal loodi NSVL Kultuuriministeeriumi Raadioinformatsiooni Peavalitsuse Tallinna Televisioonistuudio. 01.07.1957 liideti ENSV Kultuuriministeeriumi Raadioinformatsiooni Peavalitsus ja Tallinna Televisioonistuudio ühtseks ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu juures asuvaks Raadio ja Televisiooni Komiteeks. Komitee koosseisu kuulusid sümfoonia- ja estraadiorkester ning segakoor.

1958. aastal anti Komiteele üle varem ENSV Sideministeeriumile kuulunud Tallinna Raadiomaja, asutati Raadio ja Televisiooni Tehnika Nõukogu ning noorte ettevalmistamiseks loodi Noorte Reporterite Klubi. 1959. aastal võeti ENSV MN 07.05.1959 korraldusega nr 67 Komitee koosseisu relvastatud valverühm. Televisiooni paremaks korraldamiseks moodustati 1959. aastal Televisioonisaadete Nõukogu sektsioonidega, 1960. aastal Kinoamatööride sektsioon ja Raadio saatekava kolleegium. Televisioonisaadete nõukogu nimetati 1960. aastal ümber Televisioonistuudio saatekava kolleegiumiks. 1960. aastal moodustati ka Televisioonistuudio fotoarhiiv. 1961. aastal asutati Televisioonistuudio Kunstinõukogu. 1962. aastast hakati välja andma ajalehte "Televisioon" ning endine Komitee häälekandja "Raadio ja Televisiooni saatekava" nimetati ümber "Raadioleheks". 1962. aastal moodustati Televisioonistuudio Kunstinõukogu asemele saatekava kolleegiumi juurde iseseisvad kunstinõukogud. 1964. aastal moodustati Televisioonistuudio saatekava kolleegiumi asemele "Tallinna Televisioonistuudio programmi nõukogu".

1965. aastal nimetati Tallinna Televisioonistuudio ümber Eesti Televisiooniks. Likvideeriti seni peatoimetuste juures tegutsenud sektsioonid ja komisjonid, nende ülesandeid hakkas täitma Eesti Televisiooni Nõukogu. 30.04.1965 moodustati filmistuudio "Eesti Telefilm".

1967. aastal alustati Raadio II programmi saadetega (Vikerraadio). 1968. aastal moodustati Komitee juurde isemajandav Arvutuskeskus. 1968. aastal alustas tööd Eesti Televisiooni kolleegium, millele läksid üle senise Eesti Televisiooni Nõukogu ülesanded. 1969. aastal moodustati Komitee juurde isemajandav Eesti Televisiooni Tehniline Keskus ning loodi Eesti Raadio direktsioon, mis juhtis Raadio kogu tegevust, välja arvatud välissaadete peatoimetuse tööd. Direktsiooni juurde loodi nõuandva organina Raadio Nõukogu. 1972. aastal moodustati Eesti Televisiooni Tehnilise Keskuse baasil ENSV MN Riikliku Televisiooni ja Raadio Tehniline Keskus (Raadiotelekeskus), millega liideti ka raadio tehnilised teenistused ja televisiooni lavastustsehh.

ENSV MN Riikliku Televisiooni ja Raadio Komitee Ametiühingu Komiteele anti vastavalt üleliidulise Ametiühingute Kesknõukogu otsusele 10.10.1972 rajoonikomitee õigused. Komiteele allusid: Raadiotelekeskuse Ametiühingu Komitee, Eesti Televisiooni Ametiühingu Komitee, Eesti Raadio Ametiühingu Komitee, Eesti Raadio Arvutuskeskuse Ametiühingu Komitee, Sümfooniaorkestri Ametiühingu Komitee, Estraadiorkestri Ametiühingu Komitee, Segakoori Ametiühingu Komitee. Ametiühingu tööd juhtis presiidium.

Komitee likvideeriti 1990. aastal. Moodustati iseseisvad Eesti Raadio ja Eesti Televisioon


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  • Sound: sound recording with no images
  • Video: moving images with or without sound
  • Unspecified: indicates that the holding institution has not specified the type of digital object
  • 3D: 3-d digital objects

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)

  • Full dates includes normalised date information available for date-based searches. It is recommended to combine this selection with the filters "Start timespan" and "End timespan" for more details.
  • Only descriptive dates provides the date information in human-readable format.
  • No date either includes documents where the creation date is unknown, or where date information is not in a machine-readable format

Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of entities:

  • Person (e.g., John Locke or Jean Jaques Rousseau)
  • Family (e.g., the family Bonaparte)
  • Corporate body (an institution, organisation, or company, e.g. the "Ministerie van Justitie")
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version

What kind of suggestion would you like to make?

  • Assign to topic: assign this record to one of our Topics. Topics are created following the Unesco Thesaurus
  • Suggest translation: If you have translated this archival description or the documents themselves, please send it to us as a .doc or .pdf file
  • Connect to another resource: If this object relates to another resource in Archives Portal Europe, or anywhere else on the web (e.g., an article on Wikipedia), you can suggest it to be linked to this resource
  • Other: If you have any other relevant material, such as a transcription of the document, please upload it and let us know here

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You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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