20/01/1920
09/07/1940
L’organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture reprend largement celle du ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement qui le précédait : le décret du 23 décembre 1920 qui le réorganise conserve les directions qui le composaient auparavant, simplement délestées des services dédiés au ravitaillement, et se contente de transformer le service du Crédit, de la Coopération et de la Mutualité en service de la Mutualité agricole et de l’Économie rurale, sans en modifier véritablement les attributions. Ce même service, jusqu’alors autonome, se trouve cependant finalement directement intégré à la direction de l’Agriculture à partir du décret du 9 mai 1921.
Le ministère est alors décomposé selon ses six divisions devenues les plus usuelles : outre les services fonctionnels du cabinet du ministre et de la direction du secrétariat, du personnel central et de la comptabilité, il comprend les directions de l’Agriculture (chargée de l’enseignement et des institutions agricoles et vétérinaires, des subventions, des statistiques et de l’encadrement de l’agriculture ainsi que de la législation rurale), des Eaux et Forêts (dédiée à la sylviculture et à son enseignement, aux reboisements, aux défrichements ainsi qu’aux contentieux forestiers et aux cours d’eau non navigables), des Haras (responsable des haras et de l’ensemble de l’industrie chevaline) et des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes.
Le décret du 8 octobre 1930 bouscule cependant cette organisation, et recrée une direction du Génie rural et de l’hydraulique (devenue par la suite direction des Eaux et du Génie rural par le décret du 9 août 1931) distincte de celle des Eaux et Forêts, telle qu’elle existait avant 1911 et en 1917-1918. Elle a pour fonction l’entretien, la conservation, les aménagements concernant les cours d’eau non navigables, les travaux d’adduction d’eau potable et l’irrigation, les améliorations foncières agricoles, le génie rural et l’électrification des campagnes. Le même décret supprime la direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes, remplacée par un simple service de la répression des fraudes désormais directement intégré au cabinet du ministre de l’Agriculture.
Au sein de ces différentes divisions, on note surtout, après l’élargissement initial dont la direction de l’Agriculture a été l’objet du fait du décret du 9 mai 1921, un progressif rétrécissement des attributions de celle-ci avec le temps. Le décret du 5 juillet 1929 lui ôte ainsi la gestion des services vétérinaires, désormais confiés à la direction des Haras, tandis que le décret du 30 novembre 1935 lui fait perdre le bureau de la mutualité agricole et de la législation rurale, intégré à la direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité.
Enfin, le décret du 21 avril 1939 crée un service du Ravitaillement général intégré au ministère de l’Agriculture, dans lequel disparaît alors la direction dédiée en son sein aux haras.
Journal officiel, 1er janvier 1921
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction des Haras
Direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes
Service de la Mutualité agricole et de l’Économie rurale
Journal officiel, 2 décembre 1921
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction des Haras
Direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes
Journal officiel, 4 février 1926
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction des Haras
Direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes
Journal officiel, 9 octobre 1930
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction du Génie rural et de l’hydraulique
Direction des Haras
Journal officiel, 13 août 1931
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction des Eaux et du Génie rural
Direction des Haras
Le décret du 20 janvier 1920 met fin au précédent ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement en rétablissant un ministère de l’Agriculture aux compétences plus réduites, reprenant les attributions qui étaient les siennes de 1881 jusqu’à la Première Guerre mondiale. Le ravitaillement civil s’en trouve alors dissocié.
Néanmoins, les menaces extérieures et la crainte de la guerre font voter dès le 11 juillet 1938 une loi sur l’organisation générale de la nation en cas de guerre, qui prévoit déjà la possibilité pour l’État de rationner la consommation des principales denrées. Dans cette optique, le décret du 21 avril 1939 crée un service du Ravitaillement général directement intégré au ministère de l’Agriculture, qui reprend ainsi en charge cette compétence qui avait déjà été la sienne à la fin de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Le ministère de l’Agriculture aux compétences dès lors élargies intègre également pleinement la gestion de la chasse et de la pêche. Il se distingue également du ministère qui le précédait en supprimant la direction historique dédiée en son sein aux haras, qui représentait pourtant la direction jusqu’alors la plus stable du ministère de l’Agriculture, sous ses différentes formes, depuis le milieu des années 1830. Cette suppression entérine la diminution de l’importance de l’élevage équin pour la guerre comme pour l’agriculture, pour laquelle la mécanisation a fait reculer le recours aux chevaux.
Responsables :
20/01/1920-16/01/1921 : Joseph-Honoré Ricard, ministre
16/01/1921-15/01/1922 : Edmond Lefebvre du Prey, ministre
15/01/1922-29/03/1924 : Henry Chéron, ministre
29/03/1924-14/06/1924 : Joseph Capus, ministre
14/06/1924-17/04/1925 : Henri Queuille, ministre
17/04/1925-10/04/1926 : Jean Durand, ministre
10/04/1926-19/07/1926 : François Binet, ministre
19/07/1926-11/11/1928 : Henri Queuille, ministre
11/11/1928-21/02/1930 : Jean Hennessy, ministre
21/02/1930-02/03/1930 : Henri Queuille, ministre
02/03/1930-13/12/1930 : Fernand David, ministre
13/12/1930-27/01/1931 : Victor Boret, ministre
27/01/1931-14/01/1932 : André Tardieu, ministre
14/01/1932-20/02/1932 : Armand Achille-Fould, ministre
20/02/1932-03/06/1932 : Claude Chauveau, ministre
03/06/1932-18/12/1932 : Abel Gardey, ministre
18/12/1932-08/11/1934 : Henri Queuille, ministre
08/11/1934-01/06/1935 : Auguste Cassez, ministre
01/06/1935-07/06/1935 : Paul Jacquier, ministre
07/06/1935-24/01/1936 : Pierre Cathala, ministre
24/01/1936-04/06/1936 : Paul Thellier, ministre
04/06/1936-18/01/1938 : Georges Monnet, ministre
18/01/1938-13/03/1938 : Fernand Chapsal, ministre
13/03/1938-10/04/1938 : Georges Monnet, ministre
10/04/1938-21/03/1940 : Henri Queuille, ministre
21/03/1940-16/06/1940 : Paul Thellier, ministre
16/06/1940-09/07/1940 : Albert Chichery, ministre
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