24/05/1872
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, des cultes, de l'instruction publique et des beaux-arts
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de l'instruction publique et des beaux-arts
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de l'instruction publique, des beaux-arts et de la santé publique
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de la justice, de l'instruction publique, des beaux-arts et de la santé publique
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de la justice, de l'éducation nationale et des beaux-arts
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de l'instruction publique et des beaux-arts
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur, de la justice, de l'instruction publique, des cultes et des beaux-arts
France. Conseil d'État. Section de l'Intérieur (1872-....)
La procédure consultative comprend plusieurs étapes. Le Conseil d’État est d’abord saisi par le Gouvernement sur un projet de texte ou sur une question. Lors de son enregistrement, l’affaire administrative est affectée à la section de l'Intérieur si la nature de l'affaire correspond à ses attributions. L'affaire est également affectée à un ou plusieurs rapporteurs par le président de la section. Le dossier est ensuite instruit par le rapporteur qui auditionne les représentants des administrations concernées et prépare un projet de texte (qui, le plus souvent, amende le projet initial du Gouvernement). Le projet est éventuellement accompagné d’une note au Gouvernement si le rapporteur souhaite attirer l’attention sur des points particuliers tenant à la rédaction du texte ou à sa qualité juridique ou d’une note de disjonction s’il propose le rejet de tout ou partie du texte. Lors du passage en séance de section, le rapporteur lit son rapport et son projet, le cas échéant accompagné d’une note au Gouvernement ou de disjonction. À l’issue d’une discussion en séance entre les membres de la section et les représentants des ministères concernés, un projet de texte et/ou une note sont adoptés par la section (seuls les membres de la section ont voix délibérative). Selon la difficulté de l’affaire et si un accord n’a pas été trouvé entre les membres de la section, elle peut être également examinée en séance d’assemblée générale. Le rapporteur y présente alors le projet adopté par la section et expose les raisons qui ont l'ont conduit à sa position sur l’affaire. À l’issue d’une discussion en séance entre les membres de l’assemblée générale et les représentants des ministères concernés, un projet de texte et/ou une note sont adoptés (seuls les membres de l’assemblée générale et le rapporteur ont alors voix délibérative).
Concernant les avis sur projets de texte, l'avis de la section de l'Intérieur est généralement constitué par la version du projet gouvernemental issue des délibérations de la section, portant les modifications qu'elle estime souhaitable d'apporter au texte sur un plan juridique. Le Gouvernement conserve néanmoins le choix entre les dispositions de son projet initial et les modifications proposées par la section. Par ailleurs, il reste maître du délai de publication du décret, dans les limites que lui impose son obligation d'exécution des lois.
Les avis sur des questions de droit sont prévus par l'article L. 112-2 du code de justice administrative. D'autres procédures d'avis sont ouvertes aux autorités administratives de certaines collectivités territoriales d'outre-mer sur des questions spécifiques à ces collectivités. Ces avis sur des questions de droit ont un caractère strictement confidentiel. Seul leur destinataire peut les rendre publics ou autoriser le Conseil d'État à les communiquer ou à les rendre publics.
Liste des présidents de la section de l'Intérieur
1872-1879 : GROUALLE, Victor ;
1880-1889 : COLLET, Paul ;
1890-1897 : COULON, Georges ;
1898-1910 : DISLÈRE Paul ;
1911-1919 : HÉBRARD DE VILLENEUVE, Henry ;
1919-1936 : MARINGER, Jean ;
1936-1940 : CAHEN-SALVADOR, Georges ;
1940-1941 : ROUCHON-MAZERAT, Edmond ;
1941-1942 : RECLUS, Maurice ;
1942-1944 : ROUSSEL, Jacques ;
1945 : CAHEN-SALVADOR, Georges ;
1946-1963 : MICHEL, Georges ;
1963-1967 : CHASSERAT, Pierre ;
1967-1974 : MASPETIOL, Roland ;
1975-1981 : BARBET, Marc ;
1981-1982 : AUBERT, Jacques ;
1982-1987 : KAHN, Jean ;
1987-1994 : BERNARD, Michel ;
1994-1997 : MANDELKERN, Dieudonné ;
1997-2002 : LECLERC, Jean-Pierre ;
2002-2004 : GENEVOIS, Bruno ;
2004-2014 : ROBINEAU, Yves ;
2014-2016 : VIGOUROUX, Christian ;
2016-2018 : LASSERRE, Bruno ;
depuis 2018 : HUBAC, Sylvie.
La loi du 24 mai 1872 réorganisant le Conseil d’État crée quatre sections. Parmi elles, la section de l'Intérieur est chargée de l’examen des affaires administratives relevant des domaines de l'Intérieur, de la Justice (1872-1879, 1938-1939), de l'Instruction publique (puis Éducation nationale), des Cultes (1872-1913), des Beaux-arts et de la Santé publique (1935-1937).
Aux termes de la loi du 24 mai 1872, la consultation de la section de l'Intérieur n’est obligatoire que pour les règlements d’administration publique (article 8). Pour les autres projets de texte, le Gouvernement peut donc la saisir facultativement.
Par l'ordonnance du 9 août 1944 sur le rétablissement de la légalité républicaine, le Gouvernement provisoire de la République française transmet les attributions consultatives du Conseil d'État au Comité juridique. Malgré cette transmission de compétence, les sections administratives du Conseil d'État (dont la section de l'Intérieur) et le Comité juridique exercent concurremment leur activité. Les ministères ne cessent jamais de saisir les sections administratives de projets de textes et de demandes d'avis en matière administrative.
Les ordonnances n° 45-1706 et 45-1708 du 31 juillet 1945 ainsi que le décret n° 45-1709 réinvestissent le Conseil d’État de ses attributions consultatives. Le décret du 31 juillet 1945 portant règlement intérieur du Conseil d’État uniformise l’appellation des sections administratives et la section de l'Intérieur prend son nom définitif. Ce décret lui attribue également le domaine d'activité suivant : "les affaires dépendant de la présidence du Gouvernement, du ministère d'État et des ministères de la Justice, de l'Intérieur, de l'Éducation nationale et de l'Information".
En 1945, la saisine de la section de l'Intérieur (dans le cadre de son domaine d'activité) est obligatoire en ce qui concerne les projets de lois émanant de l’Exécutif, ainsi que les projets d’ordonnance et les projets de décret ayant force législative et sur les projets de règlement d’administration publique. L’ordonnance n° 45-1708 confirme que le Conseil d’État "peut, de sa propre initiative, appeler l’attention des pouvoirs publics sur les réformes d’ordre législatif, réglementaire ou administratif qui lui paraissent conformes à l’intérêt général".
La fonction consultative du Conseil d’État est renforcée par la Constitution de 1958 qui fixe les différents cas dans lesquels il doit être obligatoirement consulté. La saisine de la section de l'Intérieur est désormais obligatoire pour tous les projets de loi et d’ordonnance préparés par le Gouvernement, avant l’adoption du projet par le Conseil des ministres et le dépôt devant le Parlement. Le Gouvernement n’est pas tenu de suivre l’avis de la section de l'Intérieur, excepté pour les décrets, pour lesquels il ne peut édicter que le texte adopté par la section ou le projet qu’il lui a soumis.
Par l'arrêté du 31 mars 1966, le domaine d'activité de la section est élargi à la Jeunesse et aux Sports, ainsi qu'aux Affaires culturelles, à l'Outre-mer et aux Relations avec le Parlement par celui du 13 juillet 1973.
Dans le cadre de l’article 88-4 de la Constitution issue de sa révision du 25 juin 1992, le Gouvernement soumet l’ensemble des projets d’actes communautaires au Conseil d’État avant leur transmission au Parlement. Depuis la loi organique n° 99-209 du 19 mars 1999, le Conseil d’État est par ailleurs obligatoirement consulté par le Gouvernement de Nouvelle-Calédonie ou par le président du Congrès sur les projets ou les propositions de loi du pays. Les propositions de lois d’origine parlementaire, ne sont quant à elles susceptibles d’être examinées par l’institution que depuis la réforme constitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008, sur sollicitation du président de l’Assemblée nationale ou du Sénat.
La section de l'Intérieur peut aussi être saisie d’un projet de texte pour lequel la saisine n’est pas obligatoire, ou d’une question posée par le Gouvernement.
L'arrêté du 4 juillet 2008 n'adosse plus seulement les sections à des ministères mais aussi à des grandes compétences. Ainsi, la section de l'Intérieur examine les affaires relevant : "du Premier ministre, à l'exception de celles qui sont attribuées aux autres sections ; du Garde des sceaux, ministre de la Justice ; les affaires relatives : à la sécurité intérieure, aux libertés publiques, à l'administration territoriale de l'État, à l'Outre-mer et aux collectivités territoriales ; au droit d'asile ; à l'immigration et à l'intégration des populations immigrées ; aux rapatriés ; à l'enseignement scolaire ; à l'enseignement supérieur et à la recherche ; à la jeunesse et aux activités physiques et sportives ; à la vie associative ; à la Culture, à la langue française et aux langues de France ; aux médias et à la communication audiovisuelle".
L'arrêté du 26 juillet 2019 réorganise les domaines de compétences des sections. Ainsi, la section de l'Intérieur examine les affaires relevant : "du Premier ministre et du Garde des sceaux, ministre de la Justice, à l'exception de celles qui sont attribuées aux autres sections ; les affaires relatives : à la sécurité intérieure, aux libertés publiques, aux élections politiques, à l'Outre-mer et aux collectivités territoriales ; au droit d'asile ; à l'immigration et à l'intégration ; aux rapatriés ; à la jeunesse ; à la vie associative ; au sport ; à la Culture, à la langue française et aux langues de France ; aux médias et à la communication audiovisuelle ; à l'Institut et à ses académies".
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