XVIe siècle
XIXe siècle
Flahaut de La Billarderie (famille de)
Flahaut (famille de ; 1501-1900)
La famille de Flahaut, ou Flahault puisque les deux écritures du nom coexistent déjà au XVIe siècle, aux armes d'argent à trois merlettes de sable, est originaire de Picardie où elle possède depuis la fin du XVIe siècle le petit fief de La Billarderie en Boulonnois. Elle possède également la seigneurie de La Fresnoye. L'ancienneté de sa noblesse est douteuse : une généalogie remontant au XVIe siècle fut retenue en juin 1700, pour son inscription auCatalogue des gentilshommes de la Généralité d'Amiensmais, en 1774, elle doit son maintien dans la noblesse d'extraction à une intervention du duc d'Aumont. Elle prétend cependant descendre d'Alain, fils de Flahaut et compagnon d'Henri Ier d'Angleterre, devenu roi en 1100.
La généalogie de la famille reproduite dans leNobiliaire de Picardieédité par Nicolas de Rousseville, sieur de Villers, fait remonter l'existence de la famille à Galliot Flahaut de La Billarderie, décédé avant 1554. De son mariage avec Marguerite du Blaisel, il a deux fils : Jean l'aîné et Jean le jeune. Jean l'aîné a, de son épouse Gabrielle de La Haye, un fils Raoul, qui épouse en septembre 1590 Jeanne de Villers. Ils ont plusieurs enfants : Antoine, qui se marie en 1632 avec Marguerite du Blaisel, Pierre et Jeanne. Antoine et Marguerite donnent naissance à César, François, Marguerite, Marie, Antoinette, Louise, Jacqueline et Adrienne. L'aîné de la fratrie épouse en 1665 Françoise de Gaude et ils ont 5 enfants : Charles César, Louis, Jérôme François, Antoine Berthélémy et Marie Françoise. A partir du XVIIe siècle, les Flahaut s'orientent principalement vers les carrières militaires dans lesquelles ils sont nombreux à s'illustrer.
Parmi eux, figure Charles César de Flahaut (né en 1669) qui en 1684 entre comme cornette dans le régiment de cavalerie de Saint-Germain-Beaupré. Il devient capitaine en 1686 puis brigadier en 1709. Après avoir participé à maintes campagnes dans les guerres menées par Louis XIV et Louis XV, il reçoit le gouvernement de Saint-Venant en 1725, puis parvient au grade de lieutenant-général des armées du roi en 1734. En 1722, il est fait grand-croix de Saint-Louis. Il meurt à Wissembourg le 23 mai 1743, laissant de son mariage avec Odile Thérèse Coeuret de Nesle, quatre fils auréolés de sa gloire, mais peu fortunés.
L'aîné, Auguste Charles César de Flahaut, marquis de La Billarderie (1724-1811), devient maréchal de camp et gouverneur du comté de Clermont. Marié à Jeanne Marie Richard de Pichon, il a trois filles. Après la Révolution, il se retire discrètement sur ses terres.
Le deuxième, Alexandre Sébastien (1726-1780), également maréchal de camp, gouverneur de Ham et capitaine de la garde suisse du comte d'Artois, n'a pas eu de descendance.
Le troisième, Charles François (1728-1793), né le 29 novembre 1728, devient garde de la Marine en 1747 à Toulon puis garde du Pavillon l'année suivante. Il est élevé au grade d'enseigne de vaisseau en 1753. Il devient ensuite capitaine dans le régiment de cavalerie du duc d'Ayen. En 1756, il est mestre de camp d'un régiment de cavalerie des troupes boulonnoises avant de rejoindre la compagnie de Beauvau comme enseigne des gardes du corps du roi. Il atteint le grade de brigadier en 1767. En 1770, il est nommé gouverneur de La Tour de Bouc. Il se retire en 1778 avec un brevet de lieutenant des gardes du corps et une maigre pension. Quinquagénaire, il épouse le 30 novembre 1779, en la paroisse Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas à Paris, une jeune fille d'à peine dix-huit ans rencontrée lors des réunions mondaines de Julie Filleul, marquise de Marigny et belle-soeur de la marquise de Pompadour : Adélaïde Filleul. Bien que belle-sœur du marquis de Marigny, celle-ci est sans fortune, mais pleine de charmes sous lesquels tombent d'autres que le comte de Flahaut, l'abbé de Talleyrand en particulier. Le comte de Flahaut assume cependant la paternité d'un fils, Charles, né en 1785 dans l'étroit appartement du Louvre où le couple, couvert de dettes, vit des subsides du comte d'Angiviller. En 1788, toujours grâce au comte d'Angiviller, sa situation financière s'éclaircit temporairement : le comte de Flahaut reçoit la charge d'intendant des Jardins du roi comme successeur de Buffon. Contraint, le 25 décembre 1791, à démissionner, il se retire en Picardie, seul. Impliqué dans une affaire de faux assignats, il périt sur l'échafaud le 9 brumaire an II [30 octobre 1793], à Boulogne.
Le quatrième fils, Charles Claude (1730-1809), a été retenu par l'Histoire sous son titre de comte d'Angiviller. Entré en 1744 comme page de la Grande écurie du Roi, il est parvenu au grade de mestre de camp lorsqu'en 1760, le Dauphin lui confie l'éducation de ses trois fils, tous futurs rois. En 1774, après l'intérim de l'abbé Terray, il succède au marquis de Marigny comme Directeur général des bâtiments, arts et manufactures. Menacé d'arrestation sous la Révolution, il quitte furtivement la France en juin 1793. Après avoir erré de Soleure à Utrecht, puis de Brunswick à Hambourg, le comte d'Angiviller se fixe en 1796 à Kiel où il fait figure d'archétype de l'émigré irréconciliable avec l'ordre nouveau. En 1806, il s'établit à Altona et y meurt trois ans plus tard. Il a épousé en 1781 Élisabeth de Laborde, femme d'esprit, célèbre pour son salon fréquenté par Diderot, d'Alembert, Helvétius, Quénet, Morellet, etc. Elle n'émigre pas avec son mari et, ayant échappé à la tourmente révolutionnaire, vit recluse jusqu'à sa mort, survenue à Versailles en 1808. Le couple n'a pas eu d'enfant.
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