XIe siècle
XXe siècle
La Trémoïlle (famille de ; 1001-2000)
La maison de La Trémoille (ou La Trémoïlle) est l'une des plus anciennes et plus illustres familles françaises, qui s'est surtout illustrée au Moyen-Age et au XVIe siècle. Les La Trémoïlle se sont particulièrement distingués sur les champs de bataille. Aux XIVe et XVe siècle, ils participent aux combats de la guerre de Cent Ans, tantôt du côté du duc de Bourgogne, tantôt du côté du roi de France. A la fin du XVe siècle et au début du XVIe siècle, ils s'illustrent dans les guerres d'Italie. Au XVIe siècle, ils s'engagent dans les guerres de religion dans le parti protestant et soutiennent le futur Henri IV. Au XVIIe siècle, ils hésitent entre la religion catholique et la religion prétendue réformée et participent à la Fronde contre Mazarin en 1651. Les La Trémoïlle ont été notamment princes de Tarente, Talmont, Thouars, Taillebourg, barons de Craon, comtes de Laval. Ils ont été au XIVe et XVe siècle grands chambellans du duc de Bourgogne, grands chambellans de France. La ligne directe s'éteint en 1933 par les hommes et en 1996 par les femmes ; le nom de La Trémoïlle a été relevé en 1933 par une branche de la maison de Ligne.
Le premier seigneur de La Trémoïlle (La Trimouille est près de Montmorillon dans l'actuel département de la Vienne) aurait été, vers le milieu du XIe siècle, un petit-fils de Guillaume, comte de Poitou, nommé Pierre, qui apparait en 1040 dans une charte en faveur de l'église Saint-Aubin d'Angers. Gui Ier de La Trémoïlle fait partie en 1096 de la première croisade, rebâtit l'abbaye Saint-Remy de Reims et confirme en 1140 plusieurs dons faits par ses ancêtres à l'abbaye de l'Étoile.
La fortune de la maison de La Trémoïlle commence avec de Guy VI de La Trémoïlle (1346-1397). Garde de l'oriflamme de France, grand chambellan héréditaire de Bourgogne, il sait obtenir de nombreuses donations du roi de France et du duc de Bourgogne. Il se marie en 1382 avec Marie de Sully, princesse de Boisbelle, veuve de Charles de Berry, prince de Montpensier, qui lui apporte les terres de Sully, Boisbelle, Craon, Sainte-Hermine, Luçon. En 1396 il fait commencer la construction du château actuel de Sully-sur-Loire (Loiret). Il participe à la croisade de Jean Ier de Bourgogne, est fait prisonnier à Nicopolis ( auj. Bulgarie) en 1396 et meurt à Rhodes ( auj. Grèce) en 1397.
Au XVe siècle, Georges Ier de La Trémoïlle (1384-1446) est en 1413 grand chambellan du duc de Bourgogne. Il s'allie avec le roi de France en 1419, entre au conseil du roi en 1422 et devient grand chambellan de France, connétable de France. Il participe aux guerres contre les Anglais, notamment en 1429 auprès de Jeanne d'Arc. De 1428 à 1433 il se livre à une guerre privée avec Arthur de Richmont et Jean V de Bretagne. En 1440 il prend part à la Praguerie avec les ducs de Bourbon, de Bretagne, de Dunois, d'Alençon et le dauphin, futur Louis XI. Georges Ier épouse en premières noces Jeanne, comtesse d'Auvergne et de Boulogne, et en secondes noces, Catherine de l'Isle-Bouchard.
Louis Ier de La Trémoïlle (1429-1483) se met au service du roi de France ; il est l'un des signataires du traité de Picquigny qui met fin à la guerre de Cent Ans (1475) et participe à la guerre contre le duc de Bourgogne Charles Le Téméraire. Il épouse en en 1446 Marguerite d'Amboise qui fait entrer la vicomté de Thouars et la principauté de Talmont dans la famille de La Trémoïlle. Son frère Georges II de La Trémoïlle (1437-1481), dit le sire de Craon, se met d'abord au service du duc de Bourgogne Philippe le Bon, puis à partir de 1468 à celui du roi de France Louis XI qui le nomme gouverneur de Touraine, lieutenant général des armées en 1470, gouverneur de Champagne, de Brie et du Barrois en 1474, gouverneur de Bourgogne en 1477 et le décore de l'ordre de Saint-Michel nouvellement créé.
Louis II de La Trémoïlle (1460-1525), surnommé « le chevalier sans reproche », se distingue à la tête des armées royales lors des troubles de la Guerre folle et de la Guerre de Bretagne et remporte la bataille de Saint-Aubin du Cormier (1488). Il remporte de nombreux succès dans les guerres d'Italie (bataille de Fornoue, 1495, siège de Novare, 1500, victoire d'Agnadel, 1509, Marignan, 1515). Il meurt sur le champ de bataille de Pavie (1525). Il épouse en 1484 Gabrielle de Bourbon et en 1516, Louise de Valentinois, fille de César Borgia. Son fils unique Charles de La Trémoïlle (1485-1515) épouse en 1501 Louise de Coëtivy, comtesse de Taillebourg, princesse de Mortagne et perd la vie à la bataille de Marignan (1515).
François de La Trémoïlle (1505-1541) épouse en 1521 Anne de Laval, fille de Guy de Laval et de Charlotte d'Aragon-Naples, qui lui apporte des droits sur le royaume de Naples. Louis III de La Trémoïlle (1521-1577) épouse Jeanne de Montmorency, fille du connétable.
Claude de La Trémoïlle (1566-1604), duc de Thouars, surnommé le duc de La Trémoïlle, opte en 1587 pour la religion réformée et combat pour Henri IV, qui le récompense en érigeant le duché de Thouars en pairie en 1595. Il épouse en 1598 Charlotte-Brabantine d'Orange-Nassau (1580-1631), fille de Guillaume Le Taciturne, belle-soeur d'Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne et cède en 1602 à Maximilien de Rosny les terres de Sully-sur-Loire et de La Chapelle d'Angillon en Berry. Sa soeur Charlotte-Catherine de La Trémoïlle épouse en 1586 Henri Ier de Bourbon-Condé. Elle est accusée d'avoir voulu empoisonner son mari, chef de la RPR, mort en 1588 d'un mal mystérieux.
Au XVIIe siècle, Henri III de La Trémoïlle (1598-1674), prince de Tarente et de Talmont, comte de Laval, se convertit au catholicisme en 1628 au siège de La Rochelle, participe en 1629 à la campagne d'Italie, en 1630 à la prise de Carignan et en 1636 au siège de Corbie. Il épouse en 1619 Marie de La Tour d'Auvergne, soeur de Turenne. Celle-ci entreprend en 1635 de restaurer et d'agrandir le château de Thouars.
Leur fils Henri Charles de La Trémoïlle (1620-1672), revient au protestantisme et fait ses premières armes en Hollande auprès de son oncle le prince d'Orange. Il épouse en 1648 Amélie de Hesse-Cassel. Il fronde en 1651 contre le cardinal de Mazarin. Arrêté en 1656, il est incarcéré quelques mois à Amiens puis retourne servir en Hollande. Rentré à Thouars en 1668, il abjure le protestantisme en 1670, deux ans avant sa mort.
Au XVIIIe siècle, Charles-Belgique-Hollande de La Trémoïlle (1655-1709), épouse en 1675 Madeleine de Créquy, duchesse de Poix. Joseph-Emmanuel de La Trémoïlle ( ?-1720) créé cardinal en 1706, évêque de Bayeux puis archevêque de Cambrai, est ambassadeur à Rome en 1706. Charles-Armand-René de La Trémoïlle (1708-1741), premier gentilhomme de la chambre du roi en 1717, fait une carrière militaire et entre en 1738 à l'Académie française.
Charles-Bretagne-Marie de La Trémoïlle (1746-1839), prince de Tarente, épouse en premières noces en 1781 Louise-Emmanuelle de Châtillon (1763-1814). Nommée en 1785 dame du palais de Marie-Antoinette, la princesse de Tarente accompagne la reine dans sa détention aux Tuileries en 1789-1792 et assiste à la prise du château des Tuileries le 10 août 1792. Dans ses Souvenirs, publiés en 1897, elle prend la défense de la reine. Elle émigre en Angleterre puis en Russie en 1797 où elle devient dame d'honneur de la tsarine Maria Feodorovna, tandis que son époux rejoint les armées des émigrés. Charles-Bretagne épouse en secondes noces en 1817 Marie Virginie de Saint-Didier et en troisièmes noces en 1830, Valentine Eugénie Walsh de Serrant, qui apporte le château de Serrant en Anjou.
Louis-Charles de La Trémoïlle (1838-1911), duc de La Trémoïlle, duc de Thouars, prince de Talmont, comte de Laval, époux de Marguerite-Eglé Duchâtel, se distingue par ses travaux d’érudition. Il consace sa vie à explorer et mettre en valeur les archives de sa famille conservées au château de Serrant, avec l'aide de Paul Marchegay et Hugues Imbert. Membre de l’Académie des Inscriptions, il a notamment laissé : Correspondance de Charles VII et de ses conseillers avec Louis II de La Trémoïlle pendant la guerre de Bretagne, 1488 (1875), Le Chartrier de Thouars (1877), Les La Trémoïlle pendant cinq siècles (1890-1896), Jeanne de Montmorency, duchesse de La Trémoïlle, et sa fille, la princesse de Condé, 1573-1629 (1895).
Louis-Charles-Marie de La Trémoïlle (1863-1921) est député de la Gironde de 1906 à 1919. Il fait construire entre 1912 et 1920 un hôtel particulier à Paris près des jardins du Trocadéro qui porte son nom. Il épouse Hélène Pillet-Will, fille du propriétaire du grand cru Château Margaux. Leur fils Louis-Jean-Marie de La Trémoïlle (1910-1933) meurt prématurément dans l'incendie d'un château anglais dans le Hampshire. Sans héritier, il transmet son nom et ses domaines à ses neveux, princes de Ligne.
Was this content helpful? Let Archives Portal Europe and the archival institution know what you think.
Feedback is sent directly to the institution holding this material and should preferably be submitted in English or in the language of the institution, if possible. The institution will aim at getting back to you as soon as possible to help you with your request, though you might need to allow between two and four weeks for this depending on the current workload at the institution.
Please select amongst the relevant tips we can help with. If you still have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us, and we will be in touch as soon as possible.
Starting your search here will include all content available in Archives Portal Europe. Simply enter your keyword(s) and hit the search button. Wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks, e.g. “French Revolution”. Check the box to “Search each term separately” in case you are looking for documents containing at least one word, but not necessarily all keywords; this will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages at the same time (e.g. “French Revolution” “Révolution Française”). You can also use wildcards - find more about Research Tools here. If you would like to use more specific settings, try our Advanced search
The additional advanced search options give you the possibility to focus your search in:
When searching with multiple terms at the same time, wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks (e.g. "French Revolution"), or check the box "Search each term separately" in case you are looking for either one term of the other. This will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages (e.g. "French Revolution" "Révolution française"). You can also choose one of the suggestions matching your search term once you start typing.
This will only show results that include documents that have been digitised and are available online
Use this option to search only one or more keywords, rather than all of them
Select where your search terms should appear specifically inside the archival description:
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the description of the archive:
Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions:
Enter a start and/or end date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01-01-1900 for 1 January 1900. This will allow you to focus your search on a specific period of time. You can use the calendar function or type directly in the text field. The checkbox "Exact date search" concentrates the search on one specific date.
Check "View in context" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of archives.
For more details see Research Tools
Please sign in to save your searches.
A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level.
You can filter results by selecting one or more countries of interest. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by one or more holding archival institutions. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can select to view results from a specific Finding Aid, i.e., a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter by type of descriptive document:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting "Fonds description" for a general overview or "Other descriptions" for item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter
selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results
matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting only those containing digital objects, i.e. the link to the digitised version of the archival material you are looking for. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by type of digital object you are interested in:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)
Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.
You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results by type of entities:
You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.
You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.
Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version
What kind of suggestion would you like to make?
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Licence
This object is not or no longer protected by copyright and has been labelled with the Public Domain Mark. It can be used by anyone without any restrictions.
This object is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. All possible existing rights in the content are waived, and the object can be used by anyone without any restrictions.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution (BY) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object, even
commercially, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described
in the licence.
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Share Alike Licence
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NoDerivs
This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NonCommercial
This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.
This object has been
identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in
line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive
2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October
2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.
The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the
copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.
This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even
commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.
If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights
holder as described in
the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same
terms.
This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights
holder as described in
the licence.
If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.
This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.
This object has been
identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in
line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive
2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October
2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.
The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.
You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the
copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.
This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.
Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.