1959
1997
Ministère du Commerce extérieur
Ministère du Commerce extérieur
Secrétariat d'État au Commerce extérieur
Secrétariat d’État aux Affaires extérieures
France. Ministère du Commerce extérieur (1959-1997)
L’administration centrale du ministère comprend quatre directions :
la direction du personnel, de la modernisation et de l’administration ;
la direction des affaires juridiques ;
la direction des relations avec le public et la communication ;
la direction des relations économiques extérieures (DREE).
Au niveau déconcentré, les directions régionales du commerce extérieur (DRCE) exercent dans chaque région les missions relevant de la compétence de la direction des relations économiques extérieures. Elles sont implantées dans 21 régions françaises, deux départements d’outre-mer (Réunion et Antilles-Guyane) et un territoire (Nouvelle-Calédonie)
En dehors de cette administration centrale, il existe des organismes extérieurs :
le Comité français du commerce extérieur (CFCE) ;
l’Agence pour la promotion internationale des technologies et des entreprises françaises ;
le Comité français pour la simplification des procédures du commerce international ;
le Comité national des conseillers du commerce extérieur de la France.
Liste des secrétaires d’État / ministres :
8 janvier 1959 : Marc Flechet Secrétaire d’État aux affaires économiques extérieures
14 avril -16 mai 1962 : Gilbert Grandval :Secrétaire d’État au Commerce extérieur :
28 novembre 1962 au 7 janvier 1966 : Ministre des Finances et des Affaires économiques : Valéry Giscard d’Estaing
7 janvier 1966 : Claude de Chambrun : Secrétaire d’État au Commerce extérieur
16 avril 1967 : Roland Nungesser : Secrétaire d’État à l’Économie et aux Finances
10 juillet 1968 : François Ortoli : Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances
20 juin 1969-27 février 1974 : Valéry Giscard d’Estaing : Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances
27 mai 1974-31janvier 1975 : Norbert Segard : Secrétaire d’État au Commerce extérieur
31 janvier 1975 au 12 janvier 1976 : Norbert Segard : Ministre du Commerce extérieur
12 janvier 1976 : Raymond Barre : Ministre du Commerce extérieur
25 août 1976 : André Rossi : Ministre du Commerce extérieur
3 avril 1978 au 2 octobre 1980 : Jean François Deniau :Ministre du Commerce extérieur
2 octobre 1980 21 mai 1981 : Michel Jobert : Ministre d’État, ministre du Commerce extérieur
22 mars 1983 : Édith Cresson : Ministre du Commerce extérieur et du Tourisme
17 juillet 1984 : Édith Cresson : Ministre du Redéploiement industriel et du Commerce extérieur
20 mars 1986 : Michel Noir : Ministre délégué auprès du ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Privatisation, chargé du Commerce extérieur
10 mai 1988 : Roger Fauroux : Ministre de l’Industrie du Commerce extérieur et de l’Aménagement du territoire
23 juin 1988 : Jean Marie Rausch : Ministre du Commerce extérieur
15 mai 1995 : Dominique Strauss-Khan : Ministre délégué à l’Industrie et au Commerce extérieur ; Jean-Noël Jeanneney : Secrétaire au commerce extérieur
2 avril 1992 au 3 juin 1992 : Dominique Strauss-Khan : Ministre de l’Industrie et du Commerce extérieur
3 juin 1992 : Ministre délégué au Commerce extérieur : Bruno Durieux
30 mars 1993-17 octobre 1994 : Gérard Longuet : Ministre de l’Industrie, des Postes et Télécommunications et Commerce extérieur
17 octobre 1994 : José Rossi : Ministre de l’Industrie, des Postes et Télécommunications et Commerce extérieur
17 mai 1995 : Christine Chauvet : Secrétaire d’État au Commerce extérieur
7 novembre 1995 : Yves Galland : Ministre délégué aux Finances et au Commerce extérieur auprès du ministre de l’Économie et des Finances
4 juin 1997 : Jacques Dondoux : Secrétaire au Commerce extérieur
Dès 1920, une direction des relations économiques extérieures est créée au ministère du Commerce et de l’Industrie sous le nom de direction des accords commerciaux et de l’expansion économique.
En septembre 1940, lorsque le ministère du Commerce prend le nom de ministère de la Production industrielle, la direction des accords commerciaux et de l’expansion économique est transférée au ministère de l’Économie nationale et des Finances. Pendant trente ans, cette direction fait partie des ministères chargés de l’Économie nationale et des Affaires économiques.
La seconde moitié du XXe siècle voit néanmoins l’autonomisation de cette direction en secrétariat d’État puis ministère indépendant. Quelle que soit sa nature cette administration est toujours chargée de la gestion des relations économiques avec les pays étrangers. Elle gère également les questions de concurrence et de consommation tout comme la répression des fraudes.
Ainsi, en 1959 un secrétariat d’État aux Affaires extérieures est créé, aux côtés d’Antoine Pinay, ministre des Finances et des Affaires économiques. Plus tard, en 1966 Michel Debré, ministre de l’Économie et des Finances est entouré de deux secrétaires d’État dont l’un est chargé du Commerce extérieur (Charles de Chambrun).
Par la suite le Commerce extérieur est à nouveau intégré dans un secrétariat d’État au Commerce (gouvernement Chaban-Delmas en 1969) ou dans le ministère du Commerce et de l’Artisanat (gouvernement Messmer, juillet 1972). Enfin le 28 mai 1974, lors de la constitution du gouvernement Jacques Chirac, il est créé un secrétariat d’État au Commerce extérieur dont le titulaire est Norbert Segard. Le 1er janvier 1975, ce secrétariat d’État est érigé en ministère du Commerce extérieur.
Dans le premier et le deuxième gouvernements Pierre Mauroy (22 mars et 23 juin 1981) le ministère du Commerce extérieur est maintenu et confié à Michel Jobert, ministre d’État.
Le troisième gouvernement Pierre Mauroy (22 mars 1983) apporte, en complément au précédent ministère, la charge du tourisme ; Edith Cresson devient alors ministre du Commerce extérieur et du Tourisme. Un secrétaire d’État (Roland Carraz) placé auprès du ministre est chargé des questions relatives au tourisme.
En revanche dans le gouvernement Laurent Fabius (19 juillet 1984), le tourisme est rattaché au commerce intérieur et à l’artisanat tandis que le commerce extérieur rejoint l’industrie. Ce ministère est alors intitulé Redéploiement industriel et Commerce extérieur.
Dans le gouvernement Jacques Chirac, constitué le 20 mars 1986, le commerce extérieur est confié au ministre délégué auprès de l’Économie, des Finances et de la Privatisation et enfin du Commerce et de l’Artisanat.
Dans le gouvernement de Michel Rocard constitué le 12 mai 1988, le commerce extérieur est absorbé dans un ministère de l’Industrie et du Commerce extérieur et de l’Aménagement du territoire. Toutefois le deuxième gouvernement Rocard (23 juin 1988) restitue au commerce extérieur son autonomie, en le confiant à un ministère plein.
Édith Cresson, dans le gouvernement qu’elle forme en mai 1991, adopte pour le Commerce extérieur une formule plus complexe. Relégué au niveau d’un secrétariat d’État, il est placé sous l’autorité d’un ministre délégué à l’Industrie et au Commerce extérieur, lui-même dépendant du ministère de l’Économie, des Finances et du Budget.
En 1992, dans le gouvernement Pierre Bérégovoy, le commerce extérieur revient sous la responsabilité du ministère de l’Industrie qui prend le titre de ministère de l’Industrie et du Commerce extérieur. Ce dernier prend à ses côtés un ministre délégué. En mars 1993, dans le gouvernement Balladur, il passe sous la responsabilité du ministère de l’Industrie, des Postes et Télécommunications et du Commerce extérieur mais conserve son organisation interne.
En 1995, le portefeuille Commerce extérieur est confié au secrétaire d’État auprès du ministre de l’Industrie et en novembre de la même année au ministère délégué auprès du ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, chargé des Finances et du Commerce extérieur après du ministère de l’Économie et des finances. En juin 1997, dans le Gouvernement Jospin, le Commerce extérieur est confié à un secrétaire d’État auprès du ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie.
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