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ENSV Ülemkohus

Corporate body | 1940 - 1941, 1944 - 1990 Identifier: NAE110000016231
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Estonia
The National Archives of Estonia

Archival materials (1)

Date of foundation:

1940

Date of closing:

1941

Alternative names:

Eesti NSV Ülemkohus

Eesti NSV Ülemkohus

FUNCTION

Note:

ENSV Ülemkohus oli ENSV kõrgema astme kohus, arutas kassatsioonikaebusi ja üksikuid esimese astme kohtuasju, teostas kõigi kohtute järelevalvet. 1960-1972 juhtis kogu kohtute ja notariaadi tööd. 19.08.1960 ENSV Ülemnõukogu poolt vastu võetud "ENSV Kohtukorralduse seaduse" järgi oli ENSV Ülemkohtu Presiidiumi ülesandeks vaadata läbi NSVL peaprokuröri, ENSV prokuröri ja ENSV Ülemkohtu esimehe proteste ENSV Ülemkohtu kohtukolleegiumide jõustunud otsustele ja määrustele, samuti ENSV Ülemkohtu liikmete määrustele ja kuulata ära aruanded rajoonide (linnade) rahvakohtute revideerimise tulemuste kohta. ENSV Ülemkohtu pleenumi kompetentsi kuulus NSVL peaprokuröri, ENSV prokuröri ja ENSV Ülemkohtu esimehe protestide läbivaatamine ENSV Ülemkohtu presiidiumi määrustele tsiviil- ja kriminaalasjades, kohtupraktika ja kohtustatistika materjalide ja üldistuste läbivaatamine, juhendavate selgituste andmine kohtutele ENSV seadusandluse rakendamise küsimustes, ENSV kohtukolleegiumide koosseisude kinnitamine ja kohtukolleegiumite esimeeste ning rahvakohtunike aruannete ärakuulamine.

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STRUCTURE

Note:

1945. 1) juhtkond, 2) kriminaal kohtukolleegium, 3) tsiviil kohtukolleegium, 4) sekretariaat, 5) administratiiv-majandusosakond

1960. 1) juhtkond, 2) kriminaalasjade kohtukolleegium, 3) tsiviilasjade kohtukolleegium, 4) kohtuorganite ja notariaadi osakond, 5) finantsosakond, 6) kantselei, 7) administratiiv-majandusosakond

1970. 1) juhtkond, 2) kriminaalasjade kohtukolleegium, 3) tsiviilasjade kohtukolleegium, 4) kantselei, 5) administratiiv ja majandusosakond

HISTORICAL NOTE

Historical note:

Vastavalt ENSV Konstitutsiooni § 79 ja § 80 oli ENSV Ülemkohus ENSV kõrgem kohtuorgan, millele oli pandud kõigi ENSV kohtuorganite kohtuliku tegevuse järelvalve ja mis valiti ENSV Ülemnõukogu poolt viieks aastaks.Jaoskonnakohtud nimetati vastavalt NSV Liidus kehtivale terminoloogiale ümber rahvakohtuteks. Ringkonnakohtud ( ilmselt NSVL oblastikohtute funktsioonis) säilisid kui teise astme kohtud rahvakohtute kohtuasjadele ja esimese astme kohtutena tähtsamate kohtuasjade arutamiseks. Kohtukoda nimetati Ülemkohtuks. Riigikohus kaotati. (ENSV T 1940, nr.45, art.523). Ülemkohus tuli valida ENSV Ülemnõukogu poolt, maakonnakohtud (ringkonnakohtud) maakondade nõukogude ja rahvakohtud kõigi nende piirkonnas elavate kodanike poolt. Valimisi ei korraldatud, kohtute koosseisud määrati ENSV Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu poolt. Rahvakohtute arv tõusis järsult: senise 55 jaoskonna asemele loodi ENSV Rahvakomissaride Nõukogu otsusega 22. nov.1940 75 rahvakohtu jaoskonda. Uute rahvakohtute asukohtadena eelistati maa-asulaid, väidetavalt kohtu kättesaadavuse parandamiseks.(ENSV T 1940.nr.53,art.614). Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi seadluse nr 88, 13.12.1940 alusel nimetati ENSV Ülemkohtu esimeheks Peeter Vendelin ja esimehe I asetäitjaks Aleksei Korotkov. Koosseisu kuulusid 6 liiget ja 18 rahvakaasistujat. ENSV Ülemkohus asus Tallinnas, Pärnu mnt 7. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi seadlusega 08.06.1941 kutsuti ENSV Ülemkohtu esimehe kohalt ära P.Vendelin ja tema asemele valiti Leonid Jürgens. Sõja ajal evakueerus ENSV Ülemkohus tagalasse. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi 30.05.1944 seadlusega pandi ENSV Ülemkohtule ka ringkonnakohtute ülesanded. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi 21.11.1944 seadlusega valiti Ülemkohtu esimeheks Rudolf Timm, I asetäitjaks Ferdinand Adamson ja II asetäitjaks Nadežda Veimer. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi otsusega 12.12.1945 lubati Ülemkohtu rahvakaasistujate ülesandeid täita 33 töötajal. ENSV Ülemnõukogu 15.03.1947 otsusega valiti uus Ülemkohtu koosseis: esimees – Rudolf Timm, asetäitjateks – Heinar Grabe ja Oskar Jürgenson ning 10 Ülemkohtu liiget. ENSV Ülemnõukogu otsusega 03.04.1947 valiti 142 Ülemkohtu rahvakaasistujat. Järgmine ENSV Ülemkohtu koosseis valiti ENSV Ülemnõukogu 03.04.1952 otsusega ja sinna kuulusid Ülemkohtu esimees Rudolf Sarin, 14 liiget ja 200 rahvakaasistujat. Vastavalt NSVL Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi 14.08.1954 seadlusele “Liidu- ja autonoomsete vabariikide ülemkohtute, krai- ja oblastikohtute ning autonoomsete oblastite koosseisus presiidiumi moodustamisest” võttis ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidium vastu 11.09.1954 seadluse, millega moodustati ENSV Ülemkohtu Presiidium 5 liikmelises koosseisus: Presiidiumi esimees – Ülemkohtu esimees Rudolf Sarin, esimehe asetäitjad – Ülemkohtu esimehe asetäitjad Pavel Afanasjev ja Voldemar Nurmela, liikmed - Ülemkohtu liikmed Antonina Majorova ja Eduard Annus. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi seadlusega 25.05.1960 “ENSV Kohtuministeeriumi likvideerimise kohta” pandi ENSV Ülemkohtule rahvakohtute töö juhtimine ja kogu nende tegevuse kontrollimine, samuti riiklike notariaalkontorite töö juhtimine. 19.08.1960 võttis ENSV Ülemnõukogu vastu “ENSV Kohtukorralduse seaduse”, mille § 34 järgi on ENSV Ülemkohus kõrgeim kohtuorgan ENSV-s, kelle kompetentsi kuulub vabariigi rajoonide (linnade) rahvakohtute töö juhtimine ja järelvalve nende kohtuliku tegevuse üle. ENSV Ülemkohus tegutseb koosseisus: 1) tsiviilasjade kolleegium; 2) kriminaalasjade kolleegium; 3) ENSV Ülemkohtu Presiidium; 4) ENSV Ülemkohtu pleenum. Sama seadusega määrati kindlaks ENSV Ülemkohtu aparaadi struktuuri kinnitamise kord ja “ENSV Ülemkohtu Bülletääni” ilmumine. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi seadlusega 02.11.1970 likvideeriti ENSV Ministrite Nõukogu juures asuv Juriidiline komisjon ja seadlusega samast kuupäevast moodustati ENSV Justiitsministeerium. ENSV Ülemnõukogu Presiidiumi 29.09.1972 seadlusega “ENSV kohtukorralduse seaduse” ja “ENSV rajoonide (linnade) rahvakohtute valimise määrustiku muutmise ning täiendamise kohta” pandi advokatuuri, kohtute organisatsiooniline juhtimine, kohtutäiturite ametisse määramine ja vabastamine ENSV Justiitsministeeriumile.

1990. aastast Eesti Vabariigi Ülemkohus. Likvideeriti 1992. aastal seoses Riigikohtu moodustamisega.


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