1920
1937
Riigikogu ülesanneteks olid:seaduseelnõude ja esildiste väljatöötamine ja kinnitamine; valitsuse ametissekutsumine ja kontroll selle tegevuse üle; riigi eelarve kindlaksmäära- mine ja selle täitmise kontroll, riigi välis- ja siselaenude tegemine, riigi ettevõtete ja asutuste majandustegevuse kontroll; välisriikidega sõlmitud lepingute kinnitamine; kaitsevägede mobilisatsiooni väljakuulutamine, sõja kuulutamine ja rahu sõlmimine; riigikontrolöri ja Kontrollnõukogu ning Riigikohtu liikmete valimine.
Riigikogu esimehe ülesandeks oli: Riigikogu esindamine, selle tegevuse korraldamine ja järelvalve kantselei tegevuse üle; läbirääkimiste juhtimine rühmades, valitsuse kokkuseadmine ja selle nimekirja esitamine Riigikogule kinnitamiseks. Riigikogu esimehele (majandusküsimustes asjadevalitsejale) allus Riigikogu komandant.
Riigikogu juhatuse võimkonda kuulus Riigikogu tegevuse ja asjaajamise korraldamine ning kontrollimine. Juhatus määras ametisse ja vabastas Riigikogu asjadevalitseja, kantselei juhataja, kantselei toimkondade juhatajad ja komisjonide asjaajajad. Muud koosseisulised ametnikud ja teenistujad määras ametisse ja vabastas Riigikogu esimees asjadevalitseja ettepanekul.
Vanematekogu kompetentsi kuulus Riigikogu istungjärkude ja seaduseelnõude arutamise korra järelvalve, järelvalve kodukorrast kinnipidamise üle ning riigikoguliikmete distsipliinirikkumiste ja nendevaheliste konfliktide lahendamine.
Riigikogu asjadevalitsejale kuulus kantselei üldjuhtimine, ühtlasi oli ta ka Vanematekogu sekretäriks.
Riigikogu kantselei koosnes järgmistest toimkondadest:
1. Üldtoimkond - asjaajamise, arvepidamise ja majandustegevuse korraldamine
2. Komisjonide toimkond - Riigikogu komisjonide asjaajamise korraldamine
3. Protokollide toimkond - Riigikogu koosolekute materjalide jäädvustamise korraldamine.
Riigikogu komandandi ülesandeks oli Riigikogu hoones, kõrvalhoones ja esimehe korteris välise korra ja julgeoleku tagamine.
Asutav Kogu võttis 1920.a. juulis vastu Riigikogu valimise, rahvahääletamise ja rahvaalgatamise õiguse seaduse ning selle seaduse maksmapaneku seaduse. Nende põhjal viisid Asutava Kogu juhatus ning selleks moodustatud valimiste ringkonna- ja jaoskonnakomiteed novembris läbi Riigikogu I koosseisu valimised. Seadustes ette nähtud Asutava Kogu õigused läksid üle Riigikogule 21.detsembrist 1920.a.
Riigikogu oli seadusandlikku võimu teostav ühekojaline rahvaesindus, mis valiti kolmeks aastaks ja kuhu kuulus 100 liiget. Ajavahemikul 1920-1937 said volitused viis koosseisu: I koosseis 21.12.1920 - 30.05.1923
II koosseis 31.05.1923 - 14.06.1926
III koosseis 15.06.1926 - 14.06.1929
IV koosseis 15.06.1929 - 14.06.1932
V koosseis 15.06.1932 - 01.01.1938
Riigikogu valimisteks jagunes Eesti territoorium seitsmeks hääletamisringkonnaks, mis omakorda jagunesid jaoskondadeks. Valimiste üldjuhtimine ja valimistulemustest kokkuvõtete tegemine kuulus Valimiste Peakomitee kompetentsi. Peakomiteesse kuulusid Riigikogu esimees ja juhatuse liikmed, 1 Kohtukoja liige ja 1 prokuratuuri esindaja. Valimisnimekirjade koostamine ja pidamine oli omavalitsusasutuste ülesandeks. Erakonnad said Riigikogus kohti proportsionaalselt valimistel saadud häälte arvule. Riigikogu tegevust juhtisid Riigikogu 1.istungil liikmete seast valitud esimees koos abidega, Vanematekogu ja juhatus. Riigikogu liikmete rühmad (koosnesid vähemalt 6 liikmest) moodustusid ühiste valimisblokkide põhjal ja erakondlikel alustel, lisaks nendele veel 1921.a. augustis loodud Parlamentidevahelise Ühingu Eesti Riigikogu Rühm. Rühmade tegevust juhtisid juhatused. 1931.-1932.a. ühinesid omavahel mitmed Riigikogu rühmad. Esildiste ja seaduseelnõude väljatöötamiseks moodustati alalisi ja erikomisjone, mis koosnesid Riigikogu rühmade esindajaist (vastavalt rühma suurusele). Komisjonide tegevust suunasid nende poolt valitud esimehed ja nende abid. Komisjonid võisid välislepingute ja seaduseelnõude esialgseks läbivaatamiseks moodustada alamkomisjone. Alates 1931.a. võidi moodustada ka ankeetkomisjone selliste asjaolude selgitamiseks, mille Riigikogu tunnistas vajalikuks riiklikes huvides. Komisjonide täpne loetelu Riigikogu eri koosseisudes on antud f.80 paberkandjal eessõnas.
Riigikogu I koosseis pidi ennetähtaegselt oma volitustest loobuma, kuna ei nõustunud muutma Asutavas Kogus vastu võetud Avalike algkoolide seadust.
Riigikogu VI koosseisu valimised, mis olid algselt määratud 29.-30.aprillile 1934.a., lükati dekreediga 19.märtsist 1934.a. edasi "kuni kaitseseisukorra kestuse lõpuni kogu riigis"; V koosseisu korraline istungjärk katkestati määrusega sama aasta 24.aprillist. 28.septembril kutsuti Riigikogu kokku erakorraliseks istungjärguks ja saadeti 2.oktoobril 1934.a. laiali, mispeale valitsuse esindajad teatasid, et antud koosseis enam kokku ei tulegi.
Riigikogu kui permanentne asutus jäi formaalselt küll alles kuni oma volituste lõpetamiseni ja uue parlamendi kokkukutsumiseni, kuid jäi nö vaikivasse olekusse. Peale korralise istungjärgu katkestamise 1934.a. aprillis läks seadusandlus kogu ulatuses riigivanema kompetentsi ning uued seadused anti välja riigivanema dekreetidena. Töötama jäid Riigikogu juhatus ja kantselei. Juhatuse tegevus piirdus riigieelarve läbivaatamise, kantselei töö juhtimise, riigikoguliikmete, ametnike ja teenistujate koosseiu ning majandusalaste küsimuste lahendamisega. Riigihoidja otsusega 29.detsembrist 1937.a. lõppesid Riigikogu V koosseisu volitused 1.jaanuaril 1937.a.
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