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Waterschap Veendammer Benedenverlaat 1861-1988(1989)

1861-1989 Reference: 000080-000151

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Netherlands
Waterschap Hunze en Aa's

Finding aid sub-groups

Waterschap Hunze en Aa's
Deze toegang is geschreven in het Dutch; Flemish
Beschrijving van het archief

Scope and content

Bereik en inhoud

Historisch overzicht
Ten behoeve van de afwatering en de scheepvaart zullen er in het Oosterdiep en in het Westerdiep steeds verlaten zijn geweest. Beide kanalen liepen ongeveer evenwijdig en stonden in verbinding met het Muntendammerdiep, waarop zij destijds afzonderlijk loosden.
Het verlaat in het Beneden Westerdiep te Veendam werd van meer belang sedert in 1671 het Oosterdiep en het Westerdiep door een toen gegraven kanaal, het Beneden Dwarsdiep, met elkaar in verbinding werden gebracht en het Oosterdiep na verwijdering van het verlaat door een dam van het Muntendammerdiep werd afgesneden. Waterlozing en scheepvaart konden nu alleen door het verlaat in het Beneden Westerdiep plaats vinden. Dat vereenvoudigde de heffing van scheepvaartgelden en leverden een besparing van schutwater op (1).
Het beheer van het Veendammer Benedenverlaat werd toevertrouwd aan een college van vijf vertegenwoordigers van de belanghebbende gebiedsdelen: twee dijkrichters van Wildervank, één van het Westerdiep, één van het Oosterdiep en één van Ommelanderwijk. Dit bestuur zorgde o.a. voor de onderlinge verdeling van de doorvaartgelden en de besteding daarvan ten dienste van het algemeen belang. Eerst bij koninklijk besluit van 14 augustus 1821 nr. 65 werd aan het Veendammer Benedenverlaat een reglement toegewezen. De financiën kwamen toen onder toezicht van gedeputeerde staten. Dit verlies van onafhankelijkheid bracht geen belangrijke wijziging in de administratie teweeg. Zo hierin ooit van een oude orde sprake is geweest, onderging deze nu geen wijziging.
De stad Groningen beschouwde de openbare wateren in het Oldambt als haar domein. Bij resolutie van burgemeester en raad werd op 20 december 1676 een nieuw doorvaarttarief vastgesteld voor turf, gegraven uit de venen aan het Oosterdiep boven de Wildervankster verlaten en elders gelegen. O.a. werd bepaald, dat van elke schuit turf uit deze venen door de verlaatsmeester te Veendam vijf stuivers zou worden geheven ten behoeve van de predikant te Wildervank. De verdeling van de opbrengst van deze heffing, het zogenaamde pastoorsgeld, heeft haar eigen geschiedenis, die eindigde in een rechtszaak waarbij tenslotte de Hoge Raad der Nederlanden werd betrokken. De moeilijkheden eindigden, toen gedeputeerde staten bij schrijven van 16 december 1870 mededeling deden van een beslissing van de minister van Binnenlandse zaken, waardoor de heffing van pastoorsgeld onmogelijk werd gemaakt (2).

Het waterschap werd opgericht bij besluit van provinciale staten d.d. 13 november 1861 (3).
In 1882 kwamen gedeputeerde staten met een voorstel voor de oprichting van een groot waterschap De Veenkoloniën. Het waterschap Veendammer Benedenverlaat maakte bezwaar tegen deze oprichting (4).
Het voorstel van gedeputeerde staten werd verworpen door provinciale staten. Het beheer van de kanalen en verlaten zou bij dit waterschap gebracht kunnen worden. Het Beneden Veendammerverlaat, het Participantenverlaat, de verlaten te Ommelandenwijk en Borgercompagnie waren particulier eigendom volgens een vonnis of arrest van 1864 en konden niet in het nieuwe waterschap gebracht worden (5).
Het waterschap bestond uit de waterschappen het Oosterdiep, het Westerdiep, de Ommelanderwijk en het Wildervankster Participantenverlaat, waarvan de eerste drie voor 1/5 en de laatste voor 2/5 in de kosten bijdroegen (6).
Mede door de aanleg van het A.G. Wildervanckkanaal en de uitvoering van enige verbeteringsplannen, een deel van deze waterstaatswerken waren opgeruimd en het overig deel daarvan in onderhoud gekomen bij de gemeenten Veendam en Muntendam. Ook het waterschap het Oosterdiep werd opgeheven. De waterschappen het Westerdiep, de Ommelanderwijk en het Wildervankster Participantenverlaat waren in 1986 reeds opgeheven en opgegaan in het waterschap Reiderzijlvest. het waterschap had geen enkele taak meer en kon worden opgeheven.
Het waterschap werd opgeheven bij besluit van provinciale staten d.d. 5 oktober 1988. Er waren geen rechten en/of verplichtingen meer. Het archief werd overgedragen aan het waterschap Reiderzijlvest (7).

Grondgebied en werken
Het waterschap was gelegen in de kadastrale gemeenten Veendam en Wildervank. Het waterschap bevatte de waterschappen het Oosterdiep te Veendam, het Westerdiep te Veendam, de Ommelanderwijk en het Wildervankster participantenverlaat. Het doel van het waterschap was het onderhouden van het Veendammer Benedenverlaat c.a., alsmede het onderhouden van een aantal kanalen, wegen, bruggen en duikers.

Archief en inventarisatie

Het verlaatarchief werd in 1958 door het bestuur in bewaring gegeven aan het Rijksarchief in Groningen. De stukken werden in 1960 geïnventariseerd door de heer A. Pathuis.
Na de opheffing werd het archief overgedragen aan het waterschap Reiderzijlvest. Het had een omvang van 46 dozen.
In 1992 zijn de archieven van de voormalige zijlvestenijen en dijkrechten in de provincie Groningen geïnventariseerd. Uitgangspunt is daarbij geweest om alle archieven van waterschappen daterend van vóór 1860, te laten berusten in het Rijksarchief te Groningen. Dit betekende dat er bij het archief van het waterschap het Veendammer Benedenverlaat een scheiding moest worden aangebracht tussen stukken van vóór en nà de oprichting. Archiefstukken van vóór 1861/1862 zijn in het Rijksarchief in Groningen gebleven en werden in 1992 geïnventariseerd door G.J. Willighagen, medewerker bij het Rijksarchief te Groningen. De stukken betreffende de periode van nà 1862 tot 1958 zijn in 1992 overgedragen aan het waterschap Dollardzijlvest en opgenomen in deze inventaris.
De stukken van nà 1958 bevonden zich bij de secretaris en werden in een ladekast in hangmappen bewaard. Het archief was niet compleet. De archiefstukken waren op alfabet en chronologisch bewaard. Een opschoning had niet plaatsgevonden. Het oprichtingsreglement werd in afschrift ontvangen van het Streekhistorisch Centrum te Stadskanaal. Bij de vernietiging zijn uitzonderingen gemaakt voor de nota’s en kwitanties behorende bij de rekeningen. Van deze stukken (nà 1935) zijn één van de tien jaren, uit historisch oogpunt wèl bewaard. Na inventarisatie bleven 23 dozen over. De overgebleven bescheiden werden beschreven volgens het ook elders toegepaste standaardschema.
De toegang van het archief werd beschreven in de inventaris van de waterschappen rondom Veendam/Wildervank. Zie ook de bijlage voor meer informatie over de waterschappen rondom Veendam/Wildervank.

Noten

  1. J. Kooper. Het waterstaatsverleden van de provincie Groningen 1939, pag. 109
  2. A. Pathuis. Inleiding bij de inventaris van het oud-archief van het Beneden Verlaat 1960
  3. Provinciaal blad 1861, nummer 69
  4. Notulen ingelanden 28 september 1882 inventarisnummer 7
  5. Voordracht gedeputeerde staten aan provinciale staten d.d. 13 juli 1882
  6. C.G. Geertsema, De Zeeweringen, Waterschappen en Polders in de provincie Groningen, 1910, pag. 415
  7. Provinciaal blad 1989, nummer 24

Other finding aids

Keywords

Subjects:
Openbaar bestuur

Language of the material

Dutch; Flemish

Record creator


Archiefvormers:

Waterschap Veendammer Benedenverlaat

Content provider

Waterschap Hunze en Aa's

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