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Inventaris

1945-1985

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Nederland
Stadsarchief Rotterdam

Finding aid sub-groups

2012
Gemeentearchief Rotterdam

Physical description

11.71 meter

General remarks

Het gehele archief is zonder beperkingen voor ieder ter inzage.

Other descriptive information

Inleiding

De bescheiden die in deze inventaris worden beschreven hebben in hoofdzaak betrekking op de periode 1917-1955. De stukken welke na 1955 zijn ontstaan zijn voor het leeuwendeel niet in de deponering begrepen omdat hun onmiddellijke bereikbaarheid voor de administratie gewenst was. Bij de beschrijving zijn de organen van de Vereniging Volksuniversiteit te Rotterdam en met name het bestuur als hoofdobject beschouwd; de archieven of archiefbestanddelen van neven-secretariaten etc. zijn óf geheel buiten de inventarisatie gelaten - en ook niet ten archieve gedeponeerd - óf als gedeponeerde archiefbescheiden opgenomen.

De noodzaak en de behoefte aan 'hoger' onderwijs voor volwassenen is in Nederland vastgelegd en erkend in een resolutie die in juni 1898 op de vergadering van de Maatschappij tot Nut van 't Algemeen werd aangenomen. Het daaropvolgende jaar heeft het Departement Rotterdam deze resolutie in practijk gebracht. In 1899/1900 werden twee cursussen voor volwassenen gehouden, welk aantal in de volgende jaren op drie werd gebracht.

De voortgezette groei van Rotterdam in economisch opzicht ging gepaard met toenemende behoeften op geestelijk gebied. Werkzaamheden op het terrein van de geestelijke ontwikkeling waren mede vereist om het weerstandsvermogen van de grote arbeidersmassa, bedreigd door talloze gevaren die samenhingen met de smalle economische basis, in stand te houden en op te voeren. Onder deze omstandigheden kon de opzet van losse cursussen niet voldoen.

Het voorbeeld van Den Haag en Utrecht, waar Volksuniversiteiten waren opgericht respectievelijk voorbereid, inspireerde het departementsbestuur tot de instelling op 11 juli 1916 van een Commissie van onderzoek inzake de oprichting van een volksuniversiteit te Rotterdam. In haar rapport van 2 mei 1917 ging de Commissie uit van de gedachte dat het een behoefte was de afstand tussen wetenschap en volk te verkleinen. Dit kon gebeuren door het organiseren van leergangen die gericht waren op verdieping van inzicht. Reeds op grond van deze premisse achtte zij de oprichting van een volksuniversiteit nodig. Als nuttigheidsargument bracht de Commissie naar voren dat spoedig na de Eerste Wereldoorlog een economische strijd tussen de volken op de wereldmarkten zou worden ontketend en dat Nederland dan behoefte zou hebben aan veel kennis en geestelijke volkskracht, wilde het met succes aan die strijd deelnemen.

Als leidende beginselen voor de Volksuniversiteit stipuleerde de Commissie een algemene organisatie, dus geen horizontale scheiding; neutraal onderwijs, dus geen propaganda voor bepaalde godsdienstige of politieke richtingen; een algemeen ontwikkelend onderwijs, dus geen vakonderwijs. Deze beginselen hebben in hoofdzaak het grondpatroon van de V.U. bepaald.

Op 19 september 1917 vond onder auspiciën van het departementsbestuur een bijeenkomst van belangstellenden plaats. Deze bijeenkomst besloot in beginsel de V.U. op te richten. Op 20 december 1917 vond de eigenlijke oprichting plaats en werden de Algemene Raad, het Bestuur en de Programma-commissie geconstitueerd. Een groot deel van de taak van de besturende organen werd in collegiaal en commissoriaal verband uitgevoerd, waarbij het secretariaat als knooppunt van alle taken werd aangewezen. De functie van secretaresse werd gedurende ruim 42 jaren op voortreffelijke wijze vervuld door mejuffrouw I.M. van Dugteren.

In de twintiger jaren ontstond het besef dat het enkel organiseren van cursussen en voordrachten niet voerde tot het gestelde doel en dat er behoefte bestond aan uitbreiding van het werk naar de terreinen van toneel, film en muziek. Dit inzicht werd mede beïnvloed door de mogelijkheden die deze uitbreiding inhield voor verbetering van de financiële positie, welke aanzienlijk was verslechterd nu de Gemeente tengevolge van moeilijke financiële omstandigheden, de subsidiëring zou gaan staken. Hoewel deze nieuwe activiteiten het werk van de V.U. aan de behoeften van een groter publiek hebben dienstbaar gemaakt, moet de conclusie luiden dat ze tevens het karakter van deze instelling hebben gewijzigd.

Bestuurderen hebben steeds getracht de voorrang van cursussen en cursisten te handhaven, maar hebben met dat al de toenemende kritiek van invloedrijke stadgenoten op deze koerswijziging niet kunnen tegenhouden en evenmin de verbuigingen in de interne organisatie kunnen keren.

In dit verband valt te wijzen op het massakarakter dat de V.U. te Rotterdam onderscheidde ten opzichte van die te 's-Gravenhage en Amsterdam.

Deelnemers aan cursussen en op zichzelf staande bijeenkomsten der volksuniversiteiten te Rotterdam, 's-Gravenhage en Amsterdam: <BR>Cursussen 1937/38: Rotterdam: 10922, 's-Gravenhage: 4507, Amsterdam: 4518, <BR>Bijeenkomsten 1937/38: Rotterdam: 20796, 's-Gravenhage: 3506, Amsterdam: 2627, <BR>Cursussen 1948/49: Rotterdam: 13763, 's-Gravenhage: 1814, Amsterdam: 8897 <BR>Bijeenkomsten 1948/49: Rotterdam: 45015, 's-Gravenhage: 1050, Amsterdam: 6496 <BR>Cursussen 1953/54: Rotterdam: 15046, 's-Gravenhage: 5240, Amsterdam: 9156 <BR>Bijeenkomsten 1953/54: Rotterdam: 49627, 's-Gravenhage: 3114, Amsterdam: 2366

Hoewel de keuze der jaren erg willekeurig is en de vergelijkingsmaatstaf wat gebrekkig krijgt men een beeld uit deze cijfers dat om opheldering vraagt. Voor Rotterdam is in elk geval de massaliteit kenmerkend. Dat hierdoor vele problemen zowel op het gebied van de organisatie als op dat van huisvesting, financiering en administratie zijn gerezen laat zich begrijpen.

De Volks-Universiteit heeft haar werkzaamheden niet slechts tot Rotterdam beperkt, maar uitgebreid over ongeveer het gehele gebied dat thans Rijnmond heet benevens de Gemeente Gouda. Niet overal heeft zij daarmede het aanzijn gegeven aan afdelingen of filialen, maar binnen een groot deel van Zuid-Holland hebben de ingezetenen die er behoefte aan hadden zich aan de V.U.-bron kunnen laven.

Voorts heeft zij een groot aantal extern bepaalde contacten onderhouden: deze bestonden uit zowel lidmaatschappen van overkoepelende organisaties als uit de deelname aan het werk van een veelheid van instellingen die bemoeiingen hadden met zaken waar ook de V.U. mee te maken had. Een belangrijke activiteit in dit verband was het werk van de Bond van Nederlandse Volksuniversiteiten, waarvan de Rotterdamse V.U. jarenlang de centrale kracht is geweest. De archieven van de Bond en zijn organen zijn niet in deze inventaris opgenomen omdat ze niet in het Rotterdamse Gemeentearchief zullen worden gedeponeerd en ook omdat het secretariaat niet blijvend aan Rotterdam was gebonden.

Al de activiteiten van de Volks-Universiteit te Rotterdam hebben invloed gehad op de interne organisatie en daarmede op de archiefvorming. Aan het archief heeft men niet zo veel zorg besteed als wenselijk ware geweest. Het was uiterst lastig enig spoor van een leidend beginsel te ontdekken en vaak moest met een omissie worden gerekend zonder dat aard en omvang bij benadering waren vast te stellen. Als criterium voor het onderbrengen van een serie of stuk onder de stukken van bijzondere aard is de min of meer specifieke bepaaldheid aangenomen in plaats van de wijze van afdoening, een handelwijze welke het direct gevolg was van de collegiale bestuursvoering.

Het is een bezwaar, dat er in de ordening der stukken vele afwijkingen voorkomen. Vaak zijn stukken op plaatsen gebracht waar men ze niet zou verwachten. Hier is het z.g. restauratiebeginsel in het geding. Dit beginsel berust op de gedachte dat men de stukken moet terugbrengen tot de plaats in het archief waar ze oorspronkelijk thuis gehoord hebben. Naar onze mening mag men op grond van dit beginsel niet zo ver gaan dat fouten van de administratie die het archief heeft gevormd door de archivaris worden hersteld. Want zo zouden historische feiten welke in de fouten van de administratie zijn geïncorporeerd, voor de onderzoeker verloren gaan. Het is bovendien onjuist ervan uit te gaan dat met de inventaris in de hand de onderzoeker van navorsingen gevrijwaard moet zijn; de inventaris behoort een wegwijzer te zijn naar de bronnen, maar mag de bronnen zelf niet beïnvloeden.

Rotterdam, 5 november 1965.

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