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Inventaris

1949-1963

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Nederland
Stadsarchief Rotterdam

Finding aid sub-groups

2012
Gemeentearchief Rotterdam

Physical description

6.38 meter

General remarks

Het gehele archief is zonder beperkingen voor ieder ter inzage.

Other descriptive information

Inleiding

In de jaren 1950, 1955, 1960 en 1970 zijn te Rotterdam grote tentoonstellingen of manifestaties georganiseerd, waarvan de twee eerste duidelijk in het teken stonden van de herdenking van de bevrijding en de wederopbouw. De laatste ook, zij het in mindere mate.

Reeds in 1938 leefde bij het gemeentebestuur de gedachte om wanneer de Maastunnel gereed zou zijn, de officiële opening luister bij te zetten door het houden van een havententoonstelling. Door de tijdsomstandigheden is het er echter niet van gekomen. Na de oorlog is het oude plan spoedig weer opgevat. Men voorzag dat bij het eerste lustrum van de bevrijding de reconstructie van de haven voltooid zou zijn, zodat het voor de hand lag de betekenis van de rivier en de haven in beeld te brengen.

Gezien de tijd van wederopbouw, waarin mankracht en materiaal schaars waren, kon de Stichting Havententoonstelling 1950 geen permanente expositieruimte laten bouwen, doch moest zich tevreden stellen met het als semi-permanent bedoelde Ahoy'-gebouw en verder de inrichting met eenvoudige middelen in Het Park realiseren.

De Gemeente stelde zich garant voor de eerste f. 100.000,- verlies. Ondanks de aanvankelijk geringe belangstelling van de kant van het bedrijfsleven en ondanks het ontbreken van financiële steun van het Rijk is de tentoonstelling, die onder de naam Rotterdam-Ahoy' gehouden werd van 15 juni tot 31 augustus 1950, een succes geworden: een batig saldo van f. 100.000,- bij een bezoekersaantal van 1.650.000. Rotterdam hield er het Ahoy'-gebouw aan over.

Aangemoedigd door dit succes besloot het gemeentebestuur om in 1955 nogmaals een tentoonstelling te organiseren; nu een van een nationaal karakter waarin de activiteit zou worden uitgebeeld die aan de reconstructie ten grondslag lag, alsmede de energie die tot vernieuwingen leidde. Als plaats van handeling werden wederom Het Park en het Ahoy'-gebouw aangewezen; juist voor de menselijke energie zou er een sporthal worden bijgebouwd, waarvoor de Raad f. 2 miljoen voteerde. Voorts verschafte de Gemeente een werkkapitaal van f. 1 miljoen en een garantie voor een eventueel nadelig saldo van eveneens f. 1 miljoen. Zowel gemeenteraad als bedrijfsleven verwelkomden de plannen met enthousiasme. De tentoonstelling werd onder de naam Energie-manifestatie 1955 (È-55) gehouden van 18 mei tot 3 september 1955. Uit het bezoekersaantal van 3 miljoen blijkt dat ook deze nationale manifestatie een succes is geworden. De Energiehal herinnert er nog aan.

Hoewel herhaaldelijk verklaard was dat het houden van grote tentoonstellingen om de vijf jaar geen automatisme mocht worden heeft het gemeentebestuur er weinig moeite mee gehad in te gaan op het verzoek van de Nederlandse tuinbouworganisaties om mee te werken aan de internationale tuinbouwtentoonstelling, waarvan de organisatie voor het jaar 1960 was toegewezen aan Nederland, onder meer naar aanleiding van het eeuwfeest van de Koninklijke Algemene Vereeniging voor Bloembollencultuur. Rotterdam had zich ook op het gebied van het organiseren van tentoonstellingen een goede naam opgebouwd. Hoewel deze tentoonstelling dus anders dan de voorgaande geen initiatief van Rotterdam zelf was, heeft de Gemeente er een aanzienlijk bedrag voor over gehad. Voor de bouw van de uitzichttoren, de Euromast, heeft de Gemeente uiteindelijk alleen de grond beschikbaar hoeven stellen; het benodigde kapitaal voor de op te richten N.V. is door het bedrijfsleven gefourneerd, toen bleek dat de gemeenteraad het financiële risico te groot achtte.

Hoewel de bestedingsbeperking nog even roet in het eten dreigde te gooien, is de opbouw toch vlot verlopen. Ook deze Floriade, die gehouden is van 25 maart tot 25 september 1960, is met 4 miljoen bezoekers een succes geworden. De Euromast is uit Rotterdam niet meer weg te denken.

In 1970 - 25 jaar na de bevrijding - is opnieuw onder auspiciën van het gemeentebestuur een manifestatie gehouden op het thema wederopbouw. Niet geconcentreerd op één terrein, doch decentraal werden stad en haven gepresenteerd aan burger en vreemdeling in een van 5 mei tot 3 oktober durend feest dat de naam Communicatie 70 of C-'70 meekreeg. Hoewel ook deze keer weer van een succes gesproken mag worden, de ogen open zijn gegaan voor verfraaiing van de stad en de Euromast een Space-tower rijker werd, heeft deze manifestatie het gemeentebestuur heel wat minder plezier gebracht van de vorige.

De Raad heeft op voorstel van het college van burgemeester en wethouders een bedrag van f. 5 miljoen voor de festiviteiten uitgetrokken, f. 250.000,- als voorbereidingskrediet, de rest als subsidie voor de Stichting Communicatie '70, die belast werd met de gehele organisatie. Het college had de Raad de verzekering gegeven dat dit bedrag niet overschreden zou worden. Naderhand echter zijn, buiten medeweten van de Raad, gelden besteed voor projecten die bij de indiening van de globale begroting nog niet gepland waren, zoals de aanleg van een kabelbaan. Geen van de commerciële evenementen heeft het resultaat gehad dat men ervan verwachtte. Eén, het klank- en lichtspel, is zelfs een compleet fiasco geworden. Het college nu was reeds voor de opening van de manifestatie op de hoogte van het dreigende tekort, dit via de verantwoordelijke wethouder Van der Ploeg, die zitting had in het stichtingsbestuur. Pas een jaar na de manifestatie heeft het college opening van zaken gegeven, waarbij de wethouder onmiddellijk het boetekleed aantrok. De Raad had, naast grote waardering voor het vele werk dat door de wethouder verricht was, natuurlijk zeer ernstige kritiek. Deze kritiek heeft zich toegespitst op twee punten: de aanzienlijke overschrijding van het gevoteerde krediet en het feit dat de Raad niet eerder op de hoogte was gesteld.

Het college zag nog wel een mogelijkheid om een deel van de tekorten terug te verdienen door voortzetting van de exploitatie van de kabelbaan en de havenmaquette, doch de Raad achtte dit te speculatief om er nieuwe gelden voor te fourneren. De reden dat het college de Raad niet eerder had ingelicht was gelegen in het feit dat men het openbaar maken van het dreigende tekort nadelig achtte, daar er op dat moment in de publiciteit toch al een anti-C '70 stemming heerste, terwijl het college overtuigd was van het komende succes. Het argument sprak de Raad niet bijzonder aan.

Als we de balans opmaken kunnen we zeggen dat alle vier manifestaties of tentoonstellingen succesrijk zijn geweest, afgezien dan van de financiële kant van de laatste, die, zoals het in de Raad werd uitgedrukt, een flinke kater naliet.

Daar niet de Gemeente zelf of een gemeentelijke dienst als organisator optrad, doch steeds een door de Gemeente in het leven geroepen stichting, die nauw samenwerkte met of waarin geparticipeerd werd door gemeentelijke diensten en functionarissen, zijn de archieven op verschillende plaatsen gevormd en bewaard. Het is zelfs niet altijd mogelijk te bepalen of stukken nu tot het archief van een gemeentelijke dienst of tot het tentoonstellingsarchief behoren. Om praktische redenen is dan ook besloten om alle stukken, die als behorend tot het tentoonstellingsarchief aan de Gemeentelijke Archiefdienst zijn overgedragen, als zodanig te beschouwen. Het archief van de Floriade is het meest compleet bewaard gebleven, vermoedelijk omdat het in 1961 en 1962 door het bestuur zelf aan de Archiefdienst is overgedragen. In 1953 verwierf de Archiefdienst de stukken van de commissie Oud-Rotterdam - onderdeel van Ahoy'. In 1964 en 1966 droegen de respectieve secretarieafdelingen Algemene Zaken en Controle gedeelten van het È-55 archief over. In 1966 ook bracht de Dienst van Gemeentewerken archivalia van Ahoy', È-55 en Floriade over naar het Gemeentearchief.

Het archief van C-'70 zal, zodra de liquidateur gereed is en zodra beslist is wat er met de eigendommen van de stichting gaat gebeuren, zoveel mogelijk naar de gemeentelijke archiefbewaarplaats overgebracht worden. Vooral in het Floriade-archief was reeds een zekere ordening aanwezig, die zoveel mogelijk aangehouden is. Ook de naam secretariaatsarchief is, hoewel misleidend, overgenomen. De correspondentie werd op het secretariaat zoveel mogelijk bij elkaar bewaard, onverschillig of dit brieven waren van het dagelijks bestuur of van een of andere commissie. Hierin is geen verandering gebracht, temeer daar vaak niet duidelijk bleek van wie de stukken afkomstig of aan wie ze gericht waren. In het algemeen was het niet mogelijk een duidelijker organisatiestructuur in de indeling van de inventaris tot uitdrukking te brengen.

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This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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