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Hoechst Vlissingen NV, (1965) 1966-2012 (2015)

(1965) 1966-2012 (2015) Reference: 605

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Nederland
Zeeuws Archief

Finding aid sub-groups

https://hdl.handle.net/21.12113/3294E7890F504DD884877B1178B819DC
2024
Zeeuws Archief
Nederlands

General remarks

Andere namen

Thermphos International BV, Industrial Park Vlissingen BV (IPV)

Vestigingsplaats

Vlissingen

Openbaarheid

Beperkt (zie inleiding)

Toegankelijk

Inventaris

Collectie

Rijksarchief in Zeeland

Other descriptive information

Geschiedenis van het bedrijf

Hoechst

Op 25 juli 1966 was in Amsterdam de oprichtingsakte van Hoechst Vlissingen N.V. gepasseerd. Nog eind van datzelfde jaar werd in het Sloegebied begonnen met de bouw van de fabrieken en in 1968 was de eerste productie van NTPP en Fosfor een feit. Op 13 september 1968 werd Hoechst Vlissingen N.V. officieel door Prins Bernhard geopend.

Hoechst Vlissingen werd ondergebracht bij Hoechst Holland N.V. met het hoofdkantoor in Amsterdam. Hoechst Holland, opgericht in 1950, was een volledige dochter van het grote chemische concern Hoechst AG met het moederbedrijf gevestigd in Frankfurt.

Hoechst Vlissingen was de enige Hoechst productievestiging ter wereld die aan diep vaarwater lag met eigen steigers en een kade voor de aanvoer van grond- en hulpstoffen en de afvoer van gereed product. Het bedrijfsterrein was circa 125 ha groot, ongeveer de helft daarvan was in gebruik.

Al kort na de opening werd een tweede fosforoven gebouwd. Verder werd in 1971 een tweede Hoechst-fabriek gebouwd voor de productie van dimethyl-dereftalaat (DMT) en polycondensaat; beiden grondstoffen voor de productie van de kunstvezel trevira.

Het aantal personeelsleden schommelde vanaf eind jaren ‘70 rond de 1000 personen en bovendien bood Hoechst Vlissingen ook werkgelegenheid aan vele toeleveranciers etc. De economische betekenis van Hoechst Vlissingen voor de Zeeuwse regio was dan ook groot.

De Vlissingse vestiging had drie productie-‘bedrijven’: de Fosfordivisie (produceerde fosfor, fosforzuur en natriumtripolyfosfaat), de DMT-fabriek (produceerde dimethylterephtalaat, een grondstof voor polyester), de Alkaansulfonaat- en TAED-fabriek (produceerde grondstof voor vloeibare was- en schuurmiddelen, respectievelijk een stof die als bleekmiddelactivator aan wasmiddelen wordt toegevoegd). Bovendien beschikte Hoechst Vlissingen sinds 1984 over een ammoniakterminal met een totale capaciteit van 40.000 ton voor op- en overslag van ammoniak.

De productieprocessen, en vooral de productie van fosfor en fosfor-gerelateerde producten vergde veel energie. Hoechst had veel inspanning geleverd om dit energieverbruik terug te dringen en was hiervoor in 1984 beloond door de uitreiking van de energiebesparingstrofee door de Minister van Economische Zaken. Ook had Hoechst Vlissingen grote investeringen gedaan in procesverbeteringen en het terugdringen van de emissies om het milieu zo min mogelijk te belasten.

Daarnaast had Hoechst Vlissingen een eigen bedrijfsschool, een eigen brandweer en een medische dienst met de nodige vrijwillige brandweerlieden en geoefende EHBO-ers. Hoechst Vlissingen had een actieve personeelsvereniging met vele subverenigingen. Vanwege de ongunstige ligging voor openbaar vervoer beschikte Hoechst Vlissingen over een eigen personeelsvervoersdienst. De bekende rood-witte en later blauwe busjes waren een vertrouwd beeld in de Zeeuwse regio.

In de tweede helft van 1994 werd de eerste fase van de wereldwijde reorganisatie van Hoechst AG ingezet. De landenorganisaties, waaronder Hoechst Holland N.V., worden omgevormd van winstverantwoordelijke tot dienstverlenende organisaties. Verder had Hoechst AG in 1994 de keuze gemaakt voor core business.

Eind 1995-begin 1996 werden de nog resterende centrale functies van Hoechst Holland geïntegreerd in de organisatie van de vestiging Vlissingen. Om de resultaten van de activiteiten in Vlissingen op peil te brengen was een omvangrijke reorganisatie nodig. Via een sociaal plan vloeiden circa 250 mensen af. Tegelijkertijd besloot Hoechst AG haar wereldwijde activiteiten onder te brengen in een aantal zelfstandige ondernemingen.

Thermphos

Alle fosforactiviteiten werden per 1 juli 1997 gebundeld in het nieuwe bedrijf Thermphos International BV. De andere overgebleven vier bedrijven waren Hoechst Holland NV (afwikkeling oude Hoechst), Hoechst Trevira Vlissingen BV (DTM, een grondstof voor polyester), Mare Chemicals BV (zeep- en wasmiddelengrondstoffen TAED en alkaansulfanaat) en Industrial Park Vlissingen (leverancier van technische en speciale diensten, energie en nutsvoorzieningen (50% van de aandelen van dit bedrijf waren in bezit van Thermphos International BV).

Omdat Hoechst AG uiteindelijk koos voor een nieuwe, beperkte core business Life Sciences, werden de zelfstandige bedrijven vrij snel verkocht. Thermphos International richtte eind 1997 Thermphos Deutschland GmbH op en nam op 1 januari 1998 de productievestigingen van fosforchloride en fosforpentasulfide van respectievelijk Hoechst en Knapsack over.

Op 27 oktober 1997 tekende Thermphos International een joint venture-overeenkomst met een Chinees bedrijf en richtte zij Xouzhou Thermphos Chemical Company in China op. Dit bedrijf produceerde fosforzuur en NTPP. Thermphos bezat 60% van de aandelen van dit bedrijf. De joint venture start op 1 januari 1998. In de loop van 1998 nam Thermphos ook Sudamfos S.A., gevestigd in Argentinie en een fosfaatproducerend bedrijf van Hoechst AG over.

Thermphos International had circa 420 werknemers in dienst en bood indirect werk aan nog eens 300 personeelsleden van toeleveringsbedrijven. Thermphos had een omzet van ongeveer 500 miljoen gulden per jaar en exporteerde producten wereldwijd naar circa 80 landen.

In 1999 vond een Management Buy-Out plaats (het bedrijf werd doorverkocht aan de dan zittende directie (Groenink, Capello en Galeano)), en in 2003 werd Thermphos International overgenomen door een particulier investeerder, die ook een fosforfabriek in Kazachstan bezat. In de loop der jaren is het bedrijf verder uitgebreid door de aankoop van diverse bedrijven in onder andere België, Frankrijk, Engeland, Duitsland, Amerika, Zwitserland, Japan, Singapore en Finland.

In juli 2000 kocht Thermphos de productiecapaciteit van grondstoffen voor wasmiddelen van het Zweedse Kemira Kemi AB. Tussen 2001 en 2005 produceerde Chemische Werke Piesteritz GmbH te Wittenberg, Duitsland, (CWP) de fosfaten voor Thermphos onder een exclusieve overeenkomst. In 2005 nam Omnisal (100% dochter van Thermphos International) definitief de fosfaatproductie over. Rond 2002 vond de overname plaats van de fosforactiviteiten van het Franse Atofina en in 2004 nam Thermphos International twee Britse fabrieken over van het Franse Rhodia. Uiteindelijk kocht in 2007 Thermphos Trading GmbH te Zwitserland, Solutia Inc. in de Verenigde Staten aan.

Thermphos was hierdoor toonaangevend op het gebied van fosfor, fosforderivaten, fosforzuur en speciale fosfaatsoorten. Thermphos was bovendien de enige fosforproducent in West-Europa en had wereldwijd ruim 1100 medewerkers in dienst met een totale omzet van 700 miljoen euro.

In 2010 begonnen de problemen in Vlissingen. De kostprijs van de fosfor die in Vlissingen geproduceerd werd, kon niet concurreren met de fosfor die Kazachstan aan de Europese markt leverde. De grondstof fosfaaterts was wat betreft samenstelling en kwaliteit moeilijk en beperkt leverbaar. Thermphos moest daarom de mogelijkheid van inzet van alternatieve grondstoffen onderzoeken. Als gevolg daarvan kampte de fosforproductie in Vlissingen met slikproblemen en moest Vlissingen een forse milieu-investering doen om aan de emissievergunningswaarden te kunnen voldoen. Genoemde problemen en een bijkomend probleem met de verlenging van de financieringsovereenkomst leidde uiteindelijk eind 2012 tot het faillissement van de onderneming.

Verantwoording van de bewerking

In 2012 ging Thermphos International BV failliet. Aangezien er geen voortzetting van het bedrijf plaatsvond, werd het archief in 2021 door de curatoren van Thermphos geschonken aan het Zeeuws Archief.

Het archief bevond zich bij overbrenging naar het Zeeuws Archief in een redelijk goede, geordende en toegankelijke staat. Een aantal oud-medewerkers van Thermphos had ter plekke het archief geschoond en beschreven. Ook de inleiding is grotendeels door de oud-medewerkers geschreven, hier en daar aangevuld door een medewerker van het Zeeuws Archief. Tevens is aan de inleiding een rubriek ‘Verantwoording van de inventarisatie’ en een rubriek ‘Aanwijzingen voor de gebruiker’ toegevoegd.

Na overbrenging is door het Zeeuws Archief een archiefschema opgesteld waarnaar de stukken zijn ingedeeld in de inventaris. Hier is een splitsing aangebracht tussen de archieven van Hoechst/Thermphos en de gedeponeerde archieven van de ondernemingsraad en de personeelsvereniging. Om praktische redenen is ervoor gekozen om de archieven van Hoechst en Thermphos als één archief te beschouwen. Verder zijn nog meerdere aanpassingen gedaan aan de beschrijvingen.

Voor inventarisatie bedroeg de omvang van het archief circa 400 meter. Na selectie, door de oud-medewerkers, van de voor vernietiging in aanmerking komende stukken, resteerde 35 meter. Onduidelijk is waaruit deze ruim 350 meter vernietigde stukken bestonden. Op het Zeeuws Archief heeft geen vernietiging meer plaatsgevonden. Na herverpakking op het Zeeuws Archief resteerde 25 meter.

Aanwijzingen voor de gebruiker

In 1997 werd Hoechst gesplitst in vier zelfstandige bedrijven. Alleen de archieven van Thermphos International BV en Industrial Park Vlissingen BV zijn hier beschreven.

Het archief is openbaar, met uitzondering van de beperkingen in verband met de bescherming van de persoonlijke levenssfeer van individuele, nog levende personen.

Bij verwijzing naar dit archief zou bij voorkeur de volgende bronvermelding gebruikt moeten worden: Zeeuws Archief (ZA), Hoechst Vlissingen NV, inv.nr(s) ..., daarna verkort als: ZA, Hoechst inv.nr(s) ...

Keywords

Subjects:
APEX
Industrie, Handel en Dienstensector

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This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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