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NV Grolsche Bierbrouwerij, Enschede-Groenlo, 1655-1989

1655-1989 Reference: 0888

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Nederland
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers

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https://proxy.archieven.nl/26/8190AFD764DF4B5EA531FAC1905E6C69
H.G. Nijman
2025
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers
Nederlands

Physical description

11

General remarks

Toegang

Inventaris

Gemeente

Oost Gelre

Other descriptive information

Families Kuyper en Harperink en de archieven

Peter Cuyper - Gildemeester

(Overgenomen uit: Scheepmaker, N en J. de Groen, Vakmanschap is Meesterschap, Enschede/Zwolle, [1992])

In 1676 werd Peter Kuyper benoemd tot gildemeester van het brouwersgilde in Grol of Grolle. De meesterproef had hij al eerder afgelegd en sindsdien was hij van een jong zelfstandig vakman uitgegroeid tot een vakbekwaam en gezaghebbende brouwer.
Hij volgde Niclaas Hillebrandt op, die aan de beurt was af te treden. Vermoedelijk nam hij de dubbelfunctie van secretaris-penningmeester waar, gezien een bewaard gebleven, eigenhandig door hem geschreven: "Staat ende Rekeninghe van Peter Kuyper als Gildemeester sijnde van het Brouwerij Gilde so van d' ontfank als d' uitgaeve van sijn administratie".
De naam geeft al aan dat Peter een kuiperszoon was, maar zijn interesse ging minder uit naar de vaten dan naar de inhoud van die vaten: bier.
Hij maakte die overstap nadat hij getrouwd was men Jenneken. Haar vader, Willem Neerfeldt, had in 1615 een pand gekocht, alwaar hij begon met het brouwen van bier.Tot 1876, ruim tweeeneenhalve eeuw lang dus, werd er Grolsch bier gebrouwen in een en hetzelfde huis in de Kevelderstraat, waarna het huis te klein werd en de brouwerij naar een nieuw complex buiten de stadswal verhuisde.
Het bierverbruik daalde aan het einde van de 17e eeuw, toen de schepen van de Oost-Indische Compagnie de cruyden" thee en koffie naar Nederland brachten. Men dichtte zowel de thee als de koffie wonderkrachten toe als geneesmiddel tegen scorbuut en graveel, scheurbuik en nierstenen.

Op het Nederlandse platteland hield men zich aanvankelijk nog verre van zulke frivoliteiten als thee en koffie, daar bleef bij elke maaltijd de bierkan op tafel staan. Grol lag ook ver genoeg van het decadente westen met zijn grote steden verwijderd om nog geen last te hebben van de nieuwe drinkgewoonten, dus Peter Kuyper kon zich gemakkelijk handhaven.
En hoe ging het verder?
Peter Kuyper overlijdt in 1684 als een vermogend man. Opvolger is zijn zoon Hermannus. In 1734 erf Garrit, de zoon van Hermannus de brouwerij. In 1756 is hij partij in een overeenkomst van bierbrouwers over de prijs van het loonbrouwen. Het loonbrouwen gebeurde vaak voor rekening van boeren die van hun eigen verbouwde gerst bier lieten brouwen. Maar uit het document blijkt dat de concurrentie zo groot was dat de brouwers het noodzakelijk vonden om een minimumprijs van f. 0,75 voor een brouwsel van 5 groote tonne (dat was 500 liter) vast te stellen.
De bedrijfsvoering wordt grotendeels gedaan door zijn vrouw die de brouwerij zuinig beheert. in 1760 koopt Harmen Jan Kuiper (een zoon van Garrit) een nieuwe brouwketel van de smid-koperslager Jan Hendrik Ventrop uit Bocholt met inruiling van de oude plus f. 183,00. De nieuwe woog 522 pond, de oude 337 pond. De brouwcapaciteit werd dus uitgebreid en vijftien jaar later werd ook deze ketel geruild voor een nog grotere ketel van 639 pond met bijbetaling van f. 341,00. Deze ketel was afkomstig 'van den huize Slangenborg' in de buurt van Doetinchem.

Harmen Jan brengt het bedrijf tot grote bloei, maar we zouden bijna denken dat hij geschiedschrijver in plaats van bierbrouwer geworden is, want hij beschrijft op 15 juni 1795 in geuren en kleuren de afkondiging van de alliantie met de Franse Republiek (het begin van de Bataafse Republiek) die een dag daarvoor was geschied [NOTE Inv. nr. 428] .
Aan het eind van het stuk komt echter de ware aard weer naar boven want daar staat, met een nieuwe pen geschreven: "Door H.J. Kuiper hiertoe gebrouwen 9 groote tonne bier, die hierover verteerd is".
Harmen Jan had als vooraanstaand burger diverse nevenactiviteiten in Grolle. Zo was hij 'proefer van de gebrande wateren', officier bij de schutterij, die vanaf 1793 in verband met de oorlogsdreiging volledig gemobiliseerd was, en bestuurder van het gasthuis. Vanaf 1806 wordt het bedrijf geleid door Gerard Harperink, die getrouwd is met Joanna Maria Kuyper, dochter van Herman Jan.
Uit een aangifte tot brouwen uit 1812 gesteld in de Franse taal blijkt dat de brouwketel een inhoud heeft van 900 liter.
Op de stukken betreffende de periode van 1830 tot 1854 komt de handtekening van Petrus Harperink voor die met zijn broer Wilhelm de brouwerij van vader Gerard had overgenomen.

Hoewel de meeste brouwerijen in de Achterhoek in die tijd slechts plaatselijke afnemers hadden was het afzetgebied van brouwerij 'De Klok' blijkens een klantenlijst van 1850 toen reeds uitgebreid tot het gebied tussen Winterswijk, Haaksbergen en Deventer. De brouwerij met herberg 'De Lange Gang' blijken te klein voor de sterk gestegen omzet en in 1876 bouwen de gebroeders Harperink een nieuwe brouwerij net buiten de stadwallen aan de Eibergseweg. De nieuwbouw blijkt te hoog gegrepen. De extra lasten leggen een zware druk op de resultaten en dit gaat ten koste van de kwaliteit van het bier. Het bier van de nieuwe brouwerij heeft een slechte naam, en als in 1888 de zoon van Petrus, Gerhard, de brouwerij overneemt is de omzet nog maar een fractie van die van twintig jaar eerder. Gerhard blijft op bescheiden schaal brouwen tot in 1895 de brouwerij door Theo J. de Groen wordt gekocht.

Genealogisch overzicht families Kuyper en Harperink

(I) Peter Kuyper, overl vóór 1686 X Jenneken Neerfeldt (ook: Erffelt of Brouwers)

(II) Hermanus Kuyper (zoon van Peter Kuyper) tr. 25-8-1689 te Groenlo Maria Hackenbroek, dochter van Jan Hackenbroek

(III) Gerrit Kuyper (zoon van Hermanus Kuyper), gedoopt 9-7-1702 te Groenlo, trouwt 1730 te Groenlo Jenneken Pijpers, dochter van wijlen Jan Pijpers

(IV) Harmen Jan Kuyper (zoon van Gerrit Kuyper), gedoopt 6-5-1735 te Groenlo, trouwt 24-1-1761 te Groenlo Maria Johanna Aleida Hakkenbroek, dochter van Arnold Hakkenbroek

(V) Gerardus Johannes Harperink (zoon van Henricus Harperink en Agnes Mechtildis Bonenberg), gedoopt 29-6-1770, trouwt 29-4-1806 te Groenlo Johanna Maria Kuiper (dochter van Harmen Jan Kuyper en Maria Johanna Aleida Hakkenbroek), gedoopt 26-6-1779

(VIa) Petrus Engelbertus Harperink (zoon van Gerardus Johannes Harperink en Johanna Maria Kuiper), gedoopt 19-5-1811, trouwt 25-11-1850 te Groenlo Gerharda Johanna Florijn op 't Marveld

(VIb) Wilhelmus Gerardus Harperink (zoon van Gerardus Johannes Harperink en Johanna Maria Kuiper), geboren 24-9-1818 te Groenlo, trouwt 11-9-1849 te Winterswijk Johanna Gesina Balink (dochter van Joannes Antonius Balink en Hendrika Berendina ter Steeg), geboren 31-12-1822 te Winterswijk

(VII) Gerhardus Johannes Hermanus Harperink (zoon van Petrus Engelbertus Harperink en Gerharda Johanna Florijn), geboren 24-11-1851, overleden april 1927, trouwt 29-9-1881 te Groenlo Johanna Chartharina Weninck (dochter van Johannes Bernardus Weninck en Engelina Cristina Deppe), geboren 15-4-1854, overleden april 1927

De Lange Gang in de Kevelderstraat te Groenlo

(Overgenomen uit: Vemer, W.P., Kroniek van Groenlo, Groenlo z.j.)

[...] thans het welbekende café 'De Lange Gank' bewoond door Th. Nales. Vanaf 1615 tot 1854 [NOTE Dit jaartal lijkt onjuist te zijn. In 1876 vragen de gebroeders (W.G. en P.E.) Harperink, bierbrouwers te Groenlo, vergunning aan voor het oprichten van een bierbrouwerij op het perceel sectie A nr. 398 in de kadastrale gemeente Groenlo, gelegen aan de grindweg van Groenlo naar Eibergen (Archief Gemeentebestuur Groenlo 1811-1932, inv. nr. 1169)] was in dit pand de Bierbrouwerij 'De Clock' gevestigd, die daarna verplaatst werd naar de Eibergseweg, waar ze nu nog als Grolsche Bierbrouwerij in vol bedrijf is. Zoals vroeger algemeen gebruikelijk exploiteerden bierbrouwers tevens een herberg. De brouwerij, in 1854 in het bezit van de familie Harperink, werd verplaatst, de herberg, toen 'De Klok', nu 'De Lange Gank', bleef.

Het archief

(Overgenomen uit: Vemer, W.P., Kroniek van Groenlo, Groenlo z.j.)

Op de stoffige zolder van het pand aan de Kevelderstraat werd in 1951 een kist met boeken en papieren gevonden, waarvan de oudste dateren uit het begin van de zeventiende eeuw. Deze documenten geven, later aangevuld met de resultaten van onderzoekingen in de Rijks- en andere archieven een goed inzicht in de geschiedenis van de Grolsche Bierbrouwerij en -hetgeen van meer algemeen belang is- in de gewoonten en gebruiken van het dagelijks leven in en om het stadje in de zeventiende en achttiende eeuw.

NV Bierbrouwerij "De Klok" te Groenlo en Enschede

In 1895 wordt de Enschedese Bierbrouwerij opgericht. Deze brouwerij fuseert in 1922 met de Groenlose brouwerij 'De Klok' van de familie De Groen tot de NV Bierbrouwerij 'De Klok'. De 'Beiersch Bierbrouwerij De Klok' werd in 1897 te Groenlo opgericht door Th.J. de Groen. Het was een voortzetting van de brouwerij van de familie Harperink. In 1954 krijgt de brouwerij de naam 'NV Grolsche Bierbrouwerij'.

Archiefvorming

Rechtsvoorgangers

De Grolsche Bierbrouwerij te Enschede heeft sinds ze in het bezit ervan kwam steeds zorg gedragen voor de bewaring van de historische archieven van de families Cuyper en Harperink. Met betrekking tot het beheer en de raadpleging van deze stukken werd door de Grolsche Bierbrouwerij correspondentie gevoerd met derden. Ook werd door het concern zelf voor promotiedoeleinden uitgebreid gebruik gemaakt van dit archiefmateriaal.

Het familie- en bedrijfsarchief Kuyper/Harperink

Twee zaken vallen op aan het archief van de familie Cuyper/Kuijper/Harperink zoals het aan het Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers in bewaring is gegeven. Ten eerste is het deels een familiearchief en deels een bedrijfsarchief, ten tweede is het onvolledig. Het archief van een instelling of bedrijf zou volgens het structuurbeginsel moeten corresponderen met de structuur van de instelling of het bedrijf in kwestie. Een dergelijke structuur hebben wij echter bij het archief nauwelijks kunnen ontdekken. Voor de 17e, 18e en 19e eeuw is dit te verklaren uit het feit dat er bij een familiearchief meestal geen duidelijke scheiding tussen familie- en bedrijfskapitaal plaats vindt. Stukken, afkomstig van Peter Cuyper als gildemeester van het brouwersgilde werden bij inventarisatie in 2010 niet aangetroffen evenals stukken betreffende aankoop van brouwketels. Genoemde stukken zijn ten behoeve van de publicatie 'Vakmanschap is Meesterschap' door N. Scheepmaker en N. en J. de Groen [1992] gefotografeerd en waren toen dus nog aanwezig.
Het is de vraag of de (gedrukte) verordeningen enz. [NOTE Inv. nrs. 161 - 167, 212, 213] uit andere plaatsen in de Republiek door Kuiper/Harperink zijn verworven. De kans is groot dat de stukken later zijn aangekocht om als documentatie te dienen bij het archief.

Enschedese Bierbrouwerij - NV Bierbrouwerij 'De Klok'.

De archieven van de Enschedesche Bierbrouwerij en van de NV Bierbrouwerij 'De Klok' werden gevormd in het bedrijf te Enschede.
Van veel stukken werden transcripties vervaardigd. Voor een aantal van deze transcripties is ook gebruik gemaakt van archiefbescheiden die in bezit zijn gebleven van de familie De Groen.

Toegankelijkheid en onderzoek

In de opdracht van de Grolsche Bierbrouwerij zijn in ieder geval twee historici nauw betrokken geweest bij het toegankelijk maken van het archief en het doen van historisch onderzoek.
Mevrouw M.A. Verkade [NOTE Dr. Margaretha Adriana Verkade, geb. 16-8-1908 te Zaandam, overl. te Koog aan de Zaan] deed onderzoek in het archief en verwerkte de onderzoeksresultaten in een serie publicaties die onder de titel 'Merckwaerdige Bierologie' verschenen in een reclamecampagne. Mevrouw Verkade beperkte zich tot het oudste gedeelte van het archief, d.w.z. het familiearchief Kuiper/Harperink.
Mevrouw M.G. Bataille - van den Berg [NOTE wonende te Stad Delden] hield zich vooral bezig met het toegankelijk maken van het archief. Zij beperkte zich niet alleen tot het oude familiearchief, maar nam ook het gedeelte ná 1895 op in haar bewerking.

Materiële toestand

Stukken uit het oudste gedeelte van het archief (inv. nrs. 1 - 506), die daarvoor in aanmerking kwamen, zijn in 2014 gerestaureerd. De bibliotheek (inv. nrs. 507 - 534) is, hoewel ze zich in een zeer slechte materiële staat bevindt, niet gerestaureerd. Om die reden zijn deze inventarisnummers niet voor raadpleging op te vragen.

De omvang van dit archief bedraagt 11,5 strekkende meter. Doetinchem, winter/voorjaar 2015. H.G. Nijman

Literatuur

Groen, R. de, Grolsch, 400 jaar karakter, [Haarlem], 2015

Scheepmaker, N en J. de Groen, Vakmanschap is Meesterschap, Enschede/Zwolle, [1992]

Vemer, W.P., Kroniek van Groenlo, Groenlo z.j.

Verhaaf, M., Iconic packaging. De Grolsch beugelfles, Amsterdam, 2015

Keywords

Subjects:
APEX
Families en Personen
Industrie, Handel en Dienstensector

Record creator

Enschedese Bierbrouwerij Enschede

Bierbrouwerij De Klok te Groenlo

NV Bierbrouwerij De Klok te Groenlo - Enschede

Politie Schiet- en sportvereniging Lonneker

NV Grolsche Bierbrouwerij te Groenlo - Enschede

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  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

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This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

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This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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