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Hervormde Gemeente Geesteren, 1651-1991

1651-1991 Reference: 0343

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Nederland
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers

Finding aid sub-groups

H.G. Nijman
2021
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers
Nederlands

Physical description

3,375

General remarks

#guid

89068D40509540FFA7E25CEB16B48600

Beperking

50 jaar gesloten

Toegang

Inventaris

Gemeente

Berkelland

Other descriptive information

Het kerkgebouw

(Ontleend aan: www.hervormdgeesteren.nl d.d. 4-12-2014)

Er is niet veel bekend over de eerste kerk in Geesteren. Bij restauraties in het verleden heeft men een fundering van veldkeien gevonden. Volgens oudheidkundigen was dit de fundering van tufstenen kerkjes en kapelletjes uit de tiende en elfde eeuw. In een oorkonde van 1246 draagt Herman, graaf van Loon, aan Otto, graaf van Gelder, onder andere de parochie Geesteren op. Er staat dan inmiddels een stenen kerkgebouw. In de toren zijn nu nog steeds sporen van de romaanse en vroeg-gothische bouw te zien. Romaans is bijvoorbeeld de massieve bouw van de toren met zijn muren van 1,65 meter dikte, de nauwe lage ingang en de ronde vensterbogen.
Over de opbouw en inwijding van deze kerk is niets bekend. Hoe de kerk er in de eerste eeuwen heeft uitgezien en of de toren toen een spits had weten we ook niet. Wel moet er aan de zuidzijde van het koor een kapel zijn geweest, waarin een aan Maria gewijd altaar stond, terwijl daar tegenover een gerfkamer (sacristie) was aangebouwd. Deze Maria-kapel werd wel de Borculose kapel genoemd, omdat Borculo zelf toen nog geen kerk had. In Borculo zelf kwam pas in 1337 een eerste kerk: een slotkapel bij het kasteel. In 1509 werd deze kerk tot parochiekerk verheven. De parochie Geesteren viel in deze tijd onder het bisdom Munster. De kasteelheer van Borculo was de persoon die allerlei zaken in Geesteren regelde namens de bisschop, zoals het benoemen van pastoors.

De tweede helft van de zestiende eeuw was een tijd van onrust en verwarring. Het is de tijd van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog (1568 – 1648). De dorpen en steden in deze omgeving hadden veel te lijden onder de verwoestingen en plunderingen door de Spanjaarden en de Staatse garnizoenen. De bewoners van Geesteren zochten in de kerk hun toevlucht, men bleef daar ook slapen. Er zijn getuigenissen dat de Hertog van Parma op de Geesterse kermis verscheen, 29 september 1585. Na het beleg van Lochem in 1586 werd de kerk in brand gestoken door de Staatse garnizoenen van Lochem en de toren verwoest, om aan de Spaanse troepen alle hoge uitkijkpunten te ontnemen. De toren is toen “over langes ouer die kercke gefallen ende t’ gewelffte der kercke ingeslagen” zodat “allet genen ciraten, gestoelten end bancken end andere dingen deur den brandt geruïneerd end verkommen sijn”.
Er is toen een soort noodkerk geweest tussen de kapel aan de zuidzijde en de gerfkamer aan de noordzijde, zoals blijkt uit rekeningen over de jaren 1596-1599. Pas na de inneming van Groenlo door Frederik Hendrik, waren de Spanjaarden verdreven en kon men de kerk weer opbouwen.
In 1628 was het werk voltooid en stond de kerk er zoals we die nu nog zien. De zuid-muren zijn geheel van tufsteen, een zachte lavasteen afkomstig uit de Rijnstreek van Andernach. Ze is vermoedelijk per boot aangevoerd naar Zutphen en Deventer. De noord-muur heeft men gedeeltelijk hersteld met bakstenen, zogenaamde kloostermoppen. Het zadeldak op de toren met de trapgevels is uniek voor deze streek.
De toren schijnt redelijk snel weer opgebouwd te zijn: al in 1591 wordt een nieuwe klok gegoten. Deze draagt een randschrift, dat in het Latijn vermeldt: “Een goddeloze krijgsbende verbrandde dit heiligdom, zodat ik in stukken gebarsten, mijn klank verloor, 1586. Door Gerhardus Lamsinck nu vernieuwd, roep ik met heldere stem het ruwe volk, opdat zij horen de heilige leer van de eeuwige God, 1591”.

Veel heeft het kerkgebouw geleden onder de verschillende oorlogen door plunderingen van de Munsterse (1672) en de Franse troepen. Van 1672 tot 1674 zijn er bijvoorbeeld geen dopelingen ingeschreven. Ongetwijfeld heeft dit te maken met de periode van onrust door het optreden van bisschop Bernard van Galen, ‘Bommenberend’.

In 1836 vindt er een grote restauratie van de kerk plaats. Er komt een nieuw dak op de kerk en een nieuw plafond, een houten tongewelf. Ook komt er een nieuwe vloer in de kerk en nieuwe banken. Bovendien kwam er een nieuw orgel in 1849, gebouwd door Jacobus Armbrost uit Haaksbergen. De preekstoel werd tegen de noordmuur geplaatst, op de scheiding van het koor en het schip, met de kerkbanken in een halve-maan-vorm daar omheen, het geheel naar een ontwerp van burgemeester Luimes van Borculo. De Borculose kapel aan de zuidzijde wordt afgebroken en de gerfkamer wordt consistorie.

Zeer belangrijk is geweest de grote restauratie van de kerk van 1929 – 1930. Er waren veel klachten over de toestand van het kerkgebouw. Vooral de predikant, ds. Van der Most van Spijk was de grote voortrekker van deze restauratie. De architect was H. van der Kloot Meijburg.
Bij deze grote restauratie worden gemetselde gewelven gemaakt en er komen gothische ramen van natuursteen met glas in lood. Ook de steunbogen onder de gemetselde gewelven zijn van natuursteen. Aan deze gemetselde gewelven ligt precisie-timmerwerk ten grondslag. De timmerman maakt namelijk de vorm van de gewelven. Daarop legt de metselaar de stenen, met zeer gelijkmatig cement om elke steen. Na 10-15 dagen wordt het timmerwerk weggehaald en blijven de stenen gewelven hangen omdat ze over alle kanten bolvormig naar boven staan. Vanaf de bovenkant gezien noemt men zo’n constructie ‘olifantenruggen’.

Bij deze restauratie wordt de (nieuwe) preekstoel verplaatst naar het koor met aan weerszijden zitbanken voor de kerkenraad. In de kerk komen rechte banken, alles van eikenhout gemaakt. De stijl van de kerk is echt calvinistisch: recht en strak, zo sober mogelijk, zonder versieringen. De consistoriekamer wordt van de noordzijde naar de zuidzijde verplaatst en gebouwd op de fundering van de Borculose kapel. In de oude consistoriekamer wordt de heteluchtverwarming gebouwd voor de hele kerk (het ‘stookhok’). Men was zeer tevreden over deze restauratie, getuige een bewaard gebleven toespraak van de toenmalige secretaris-kerkvoogd Holmer. Hij spreekt van de vroegere ‘misère’ in de kerk en over de grote verbeteringen die deze restauratie heeft aangebracht: “Ongetwijfeld zal ieder onder den indruk komen van ’t schoone, eenvoudige geheel, hetwelk verkregen werd. Ons kerkgebouw met toren is door deze restauratie weer geworden een machtig bouwwerk, imponeerend door zijn strengen eenvoud.” Een grote verandering was ook de komst van het nieuwe orgel in 1974. Met kroonluchters – waaronder enkele uit het oude ‘lokaal’- wordt de kerk verder ingericht. Op initiatief van ds. Brinkerink is in 1980 – 1982 een groep dames uit de gemeente bezig geweest met het maken van een fraai wandkleed, waarop Sint Christoffel is afgebeeld.

Het kerkinterieur

(Ontleend aan: www.hervormdgeesteren.nl d.d. 4-12-2014)

Het huidige interieur is voornamelijk bepaald door de renovatie van 1930. De houten banken staan in lange rijen gericht naar het koor waar de houten preekstoel en kerkenraadsbanken staan.
De preekstoel en de tafel worden verfraaid door verschillende kanselkleden die door dames uit de gemeente zelf zijn gemaakt. Ook hebben zij een wandkleed gemaakt waarop Sint Christoffel is afgebeeld, de heilige aan wie de middeleeuwse kerk indertijd gewijd was.

Het archief

Het archief is bij het Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers (voorheen Streekarchivariaat) in bewaring gegeven. Bij inbewaringgeving is bepaald dat de archiefstukken openbaar zijn wanneer ze vijftig jaar of ouder zijn.

Keywords

Subjects:
Religie en Levensbeschouwing

Record creator

Kerkenraad van de Hervormde Gemeente Geesteren

Diakenen van de Hervormde Gemeente Geesteren

Kerkvoogden van de Hervormde Gemeente Geesteren

Afdeling Geesteren van de Vereniging van Vrijzinnig Hervormden

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The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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