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Gemeentebestuur Groenlo, (1793) 1811 - 1932 (1952)

1793-1952 Reference: 0139

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Nederland
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers

Finding aid sub-groups

https://proxy.archieven.nl/26/A3AE4EE6C50B4AD1BFC705E844BF3E14
H.G. Nijman
2023
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers
Nederlands

Physical description

40,625

General remarks

Toegang

inventaris

Gemeente

Oost Gelre

Other descriptive information

Organisatie

In de grondwetten van 1814 en 1815 werd de bepaling opgenomen dat iedere provincie afzonderlijk nieuwe regels moest vaststellen voor de lokale bestuurlijke inrichting. Hierbij werd een onderscheid gemaakt tussen "steden" en "gemeenten ten plattenlande". Groenlo behoorde reeds eeuwen tot de stemhebbende steden in de graafschap Zutphen. Het bestuursreglement voor de steden in de provincie Gelderland werd op 5 november 1815 bij Koninklijk Besluit vastgesteld. Met ingang van 1 januari 1816 trad het in werking.
Voor Groenlo betekende het nieuwe reglement dat het bestuur werd opgedragen aan zeven raadsleden waaronder twee burgemeesters. Per 1 januari 1816 werden benoemd: J.A. Hummelink, E. Huiskes, G. Dieperink, J.F. Knikkink, B.H. Egberts, H.G. Santvoort en ene Hofman. De beide eersten werden benoemd tot burgemeesters.
De koning benoemde de burgemeesters, de eerste keer zonder tussenkomst van de raad, daarna uit een voordracht van drie personen door de raad. Zij werden benoemd voor twee jaar. Jaarlijks trad één burgemeester af, die echter onmiddellijk herkiesbaar was. Ieder jaar werd bij loting bepaald wie als president-burgemeester optrad met een "concluderende" stem.
Het dagelijks bestuur van de gemeente lag in handen van beide burgemeesters. Daarnaast hadden zij onder andere het toezicht op alle sociale instellingen in de stad. De president-burgemeester was tevens ambtenaar van de burgerlijke stand.
De raadsleden werden voor het leven benoemd. De eerste maal na de inwerkingtreding van het reglement benoemde de koning de leden, vervolgens werden zij gekozen door een plaatselijk kiescollege bestaande uit 12 personen. De verkiezing van de raad geschiedde in een besloten vergadering. De gegoede burgerij van de stad koos op haar beurt de leden van het kiescollege. Jaarlijks traden vier leden van het kiescollege af.

Raadsvergaderingen vonden plaats al naar gelang de burgemeesters dat nodig vonden, met dien verstande, dat vergaderingen voor de vaststelling van de begroting en de jaarrekening verplicht waren.
De raad benoemde de gemeentesecretaris en de gemeente-ontvanger. Andere vacatures ("mindere bedieningen") werden beurtelings door de raad en de burgemeesters begeven.

Het stadsreglement van 1815 bleef slechts acht jaar van kracht. Bij Koninklijk Besluit van 8 januari 1824 werd een nieuw reglement vastgesteld. Het stadsbestuur bestond voortaan uit twee wethouders en negen raadsleden waaronder één burgemeester. Wethouders en burgemeester werden door de koning uit de raad benoemd. De benoeming van de raadsleden was, gelijk in het oude reglement, voor het leven. De wethouders namen voor twee jaar plaats en de burgemeester voor zes jaar. Behoudens de eerste maal koos een kiescollege bestaande uit 18 personen de raad. De eerste keer gebeurde dit door de koning.
Burgemeester en wethouders vormden het dagelijks bestuur van de stad.
Vergaderingen van de raad werden bijeen geroepen door de burgemeester. De benoeming van de gemeentesecretaris en de gemeente-ontvanger geschiedde ook in deze periode door de raad.

Het stadsreglement van 1824 is van kracht geweest tot aan de invoering van de door Thorbecke ontworpen gemeentewet van 1851 (Staatsblad 85). Vanaf die tijd is de organisatie van alle gemeentebesturen in Nederland uniform. Het onderscheid tussen steden en plattelandsgemeenten kwam te vervallen. In de periode tot aan 1928 is deze wet niet essentieel gewijzigd.
In de gemeentewet werd het bestuur opgedragen aan een gemeenteraad, een college van burgemeester en wethouders en een burgemeester.
De gemeenteraad werd rechtstreeks gekozen door de inwoners van de gemeente. Een zittingsperiode duurde zes jaar, waarbij om de twee jaar een derde deel van de leden aftrad maar terstond herkiesbaar was.
Uit de raad werden, ook voor zes jaar, twee wethoud

Volgens periodieke aftreding, om de drie jaar, trad een wethouder af die echter voor herverkiezing in aanmerking kwam. De burgemeester tenslotte kreeg zijn benoeming, voor zes jaar, van de koning ook met de mogelijkheid tot herbenoeming.
Het in de gemeentewet vastgelegde systeem van periodieke aftreding van raadsleden en wethouders kwam later te vervallen.
De zittingsperiode van raadsleden en wethouders werd gewijzigd tot vier jaar.
De gemeenteraad werd belast met de regeling en het bestuur van de gemeentelijke huishouding. Het "regelen" hield voornamelijk in het opstellen en uitvaardigen van gemeentelijke verordeningen. De raad vergaderde minstens zes keer per jaar en verder zo vaak als de burgemeester of burgemeester en wethouders dat nodig achtten.
Het dagelijks bestuur van de gemeente was in handen van het college van burgemeester en wethouders. De burgemeester, voorzitter van de raad en het college van burgemeester en wethouders, zorgde voor de directe uitvoering van de besluiten van de raad en van het college. Daarnaast was hij onder meer hoofd van de plaatselijke politie en brandweer.

Lijst van burgemeesters vanaf de invoering van de gemeentewet over de periode van dit archief

1850-1871
H.J. Huiskes

1871-1877
A.M.C. van Bommel

1878-1893
H.F. Hesselink van Suchtelen

1893-1901
G.N. de With

1901-1911
M.P.T. Baron van Sytzema

1911-1945
Th.J.A. Kraakman

Lijst van gemeentesecretarissen vanaf de invoering van de gemeentewet over de periode van dit archief

1850-1879
H.G. van der Kraan

1879-1918
H. van der Eynden

1918-1920
A.A.B. van der Meulen

1921-1947
J.J.A. van der Riet

Kiesgerechtigde inwoners

Krachtens de stadsreglementen van 1815 en 1824 werden de leden van de gemeenteraad gekozen door een kiescollege. Het kiescollege werd op zijn beurt gekozen door alle kiesgerechtigde inwoners van de gemeente. Dit systeem van getrapte verkiezing van de gemeenteraad is in Nederland tot aan 1851 gehandhaafd.
Vanaf 1851 werd het stadsbestuur door middel van directe verkiezingen gekozen.

Niet alle inwoners waren kiesgerechtigd. Tot aan de grondwetsherziening van 1917 kende Nederland het "censuskiesrecht". Bij censuskiesrecht is het recht tot kiezen afhankelijk van de belastingsom (de census) die betaald werd aan grond-, personele- en patentbelasting inclusief de rijksopcenten.
Bovendien mochten alleen mannelijke inwoners hun stem uitbrengen. Het kiesrecht werd in de loop van de negentiende eeuw geleidelijk verruimd door de census aan te passen. De belangrijkste veranderingen dateren van 1887 [NOTE Staadsblad 212] en 1896 [NOTE Staadsblad 154] . In 1887 werd ook kiesrecht verleend aan inwoners die "kentekenen van maatschappelijke welstand en geschiktheid" vertoonden. Feitelijk werd daarmee reeds het censuskiesrecht verlaten en een attributief kiesrecht ingevoerd. In 1896 volgde een aanzienlijke verlaging van de census. In de grondwet van 1917 werd het algemeen kiesrecht vastgelegd voor alle mannen en het actief kiesrecht voor vrouwen boven de 23 jaar. Uiteindelijk heeft de grondwetswijziging van 1922 geleid tot het algemeen kiesrecht voor mannen en vrouwen.

Het archief

Ordening

Het onderhavige archief over de periode 1811 tot 1919 is geordend volgens een seriestelsel. Zo zijn onder andere de volgende, vaak omvangrijke, series te onderscheiden: Notulen van de gemeenteraad en het college van burgemeester en wethouders, ingekomen stukken, afschriften van uitgaande stukken, begrotingen, rekeningen, bijlagen bij de rekeningen en gemeenteverslagen. Toen samensteller dezes in 1990 de inventarisatie ter hand nam, was deze oude orde grotendeels intact.
De ongenummerde ingekomen stukken, de stukken die niet in de indicateur voorkomen, zijn wellicht bij vroegere inventarisatiepogingen tussen de serie geplaatst.
De vele aanwezige losse archiefbescheiden kunnen om practische redenen van het archief zijn afgescheiden omdat ze door de administratie veelvuldig werden geraadpleegd. Maar ook kan een niet correct archiefbeheer hiervan de oorzaak zijn. Tussen 1920 en 1932 werd een rubriekenstelsel toegepast.

Verzorging

Voor zover de fysieke omvang van de archiefbescheiden dit toelaat is het archief opgeborgen in zuurvrije archiefdozen, de zogenaamde "Amsterdamse dozen". Losse stukken zijn verpakt in omslagen van zuurvrij papier.

Door het feit dat het stadsarchief daterend van voor 1811 bij restauratie en conservering steeds de prioriteit heeft gehad, is er op het moment van de samenstelling van deze inventaris (1995) aan het onderhavige archief op dit gebied nauwelijks iets gedaan. De twijfelachtige papierkwaliteit van vooral de 19e eeuwse stukken zal in de toekomst dwingen tot aktie.

Inventarisatie

Na de toetreding in 1983 van de gemeente Groenlo tot het Streekarchivariaat Oost Gelderland [NOTE later: Regio Achterhoek] is achtereenvolgens door mej. F. van Geyn, mevr. A. Kuiper, heer R. Wartena en ondergetekende aan de inventarisatie van het archief gewerkt.
Daar het gehele overgedragen archief werd geïnventariseerd moesten enkele cesuren worden aangebracht.
Uiteindelijk is ervoor gekozen het stadsarchief te laten eindigen in 1811, het jaar van de invoering van de stedelijke administratie volgens Frans model. Dit jaartal is verkozen boven het jaar 1813, hetgeen een geschiedkundige breuk betekende [NOTE de aanvang van het Koninkrijk] of 1816 [NOTE invoering van een nieuw bestuursreglement] . Deze beide laatste jaren betekenden echter geen duidelijke administratieve cesuur.
Eindjaar van het onderhavige archief is 1932. Tot dat jaar werd achtereenvolgens een seriestelsel en een rubriekenstelsel gehanteerd.
Daarna werd de zaaksgewijze ordening volgens de Basis Archiefcode voor de Gemeentelijke, Regionale en Provinciale Administraties van de Vereniging van Nederlandse Gemeenten ingevoerd.
Ook hier is weer sprake van een duidelijke administratieve cesuur.
Om praktische redenen is het in enkele gevallen niet mogelijk geweest deze jaren te hanteren in verband met ondeelbaarheid van archiefbescheiden

Verwijzing

Bij het citeren in annotatie en verantwoording dient het archief tenminste éénmaal volledig en zonder afkortingen te worden vermeld. Daarna kan worden volstaan met verkorte aanhaling.
VOLLEDIG:
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers, Doetinchem. Toegang 0139 - Gemeentebestuur Groenlo, 1811-1932
VERKORT:
NL-DtcSARA 0139

Keywords

Subjects:
APEX
MYLEX
Gemeentearchief
Algemeen bestuur en Politiek

Record creator

Gemeentebestuur Groenlo

Nieuwjaarscommissie Groenlo

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The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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