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Archief Erich Wichman

1903-1929 (-1960) 1903-1929 Reference: ARCH01632

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The Netherlands
Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis

Finding aid sub-groups

Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis
( Cruquiusweg 31 , 1019 AT Amsterdam , Nederland )
Finding aid is in Dutch
Overzicht collectie

Scope and content

Inhoud

Correspondentie 1914-1924; persoonlijke stukken: schoolrapporten 1903-1907, getuigschriften 1917-1925; herdenkingsartikelen 1929; aantekeningen, ingezonden stukken, artikelen en gedichten onder meer voor De Bezem 1924-1928; tentoonstellingenscatalogi 1920-1960.

Record creators history

Biografie

Geboren in Utrecht 11 augustus 1890, overleden in Amsterdam 1 januari 1929; beeldend kunstenaar, schrijver en politiek activist; mede-oprichter van de Rapaillepartij; keek bewonderend naar het opkomende Italiaanse fascisme van Mussolini; werkte later mee aan De Bezem, fascistisch blad voor Nederland. Zie ook de biografische schets van Wichman door Ivo Schöffer op de website van huygens .

Erich Wichman werd als tweede kind, na zijn vijf jaar oudere zuster Clara op 11 augustus 1890 geboren in een intellectueel en artistiek milieu in Utrecht. Beide ouders waren van Duitse afkomst. In zijn jeugd was Erich een moeilijk kind. Hij werd zowel in Utrecht als in Hilversum van school verwijderd. Daarop werd hij van 1903 tot 1907 op kostschool in Duitsland gestuurd. Uit de rapporten van de kostschool bleek hij ook daar een moeilijke leerling te zijn, die alleen aandacht had voor wat hem interesseerde. Terug in Nederland liet hij zich in 1909 als toehoorder inschrijven aan de Universiteit van Utrecht , aanvankelijk in de vakken scheikunde en biologie, vanaf 1911 in het vak kunstgeschiedenis. Belangrijker dan de studie was het studentenleven, waarbij hij zich onderscheidde als publicist in het blad Vox Studiosum en als beginnend kunstenaar. Zowel in zijn publicaties als in zijn werk was hij een fel en ongenuanceerd pleitbezorger voor de moderne kunststromingen. Als "cum laude gesjeesd student" verliet hij in 1914 de universiteit en met een scherp schotschrift tegen de stad Utrecht vertrok hij het jaar daarop naar Amsterdam . In Amsterdam was hij betrokken bij alle mogelijke vernieuwende groepen kunstenaars. In 1916 trouwde hij met Leni Kampfraath met wie hij al snel een kind kreeg. Het gezin leefde in grote armoede, want Erich had zelden enige vorm van betaald werk. Hooguit als adviseur, zoals bij de zilverfabriek van Carel Begeer in Utrecht en door sporadisch enig werk te verkopen, hield hij zich in leven. In deze periode ontwikkelde hij een haat tegen de zelfgenoegzame burgerij, maar ook de democratie kon van zijn kant op weinig bijval rekenen. Landelijke bekendheid kreeg hij met de Rapaillepartij die in 1921 deelnam aan de Amsterdamse gemeenteraadsverkiezingen. Samen met zijn vrienden Anthon Bakels , Jan Havermans en Henk Eikeboom ontwierp hij het schertsprogramma met de bekende actiepunten als jenever voor vijf cent en vrij vissen in het Vondelpark. Het succes was zo groot dat de beide kandidaten, de bekende Amsterdamse straatfiguur Had-je-me-maar ( Nelis de Gelder ) en de anarchistische bootwerker Bertus Zuurbier in de Amsterdamse raad werden gekozen. Ook in de jaren twintig liepen zijn pogingen ergens een aanstelling te krijgen op niets uit, terwijl zijn gezin zich verder uitbreidde. Uit nood ging hij zijn geluk elders beproeven. Na Parijs , Wenen en Berlijn kwam Wichman in 1923 in Italië aan, waar hij een jaar bij het Nederlands Consulaat in Milaan een baantje als vertaler had, het enige min of meer geregelde werk dat hij in zijn leven heeft gehad. In Italië raakte hij zeer onder de indruk van het fascisme en van de persoon Mussolini . Terug in Nederland maakte hij contact met geestverwanten. In 1925 trok hij opnieuw naar Parijs, waar hij een bijdrage kon leveren aan het Nederlandse paviljoen van de Exposition Inernationale des Arts Décoratifs. Na afloop van de tentoonstelling leefde hij als een clochard en werd door een vriendin totaal verzwakt en berooid in 1926 naar Nederland teruggehaald, waarna hij maanden verpleegd moest worden in het Wilhelminagasthuis . De laatste jaren van zijn leven stonden in het teken van een toenemende betrokkenheid bij de vroege fascistische bewegingen in Nederland. In december 1927 verscheen het eerste nummer van De Bezem. Fascistisch Weekblad voor Nederland , een initiatief van Hugo Sinclair . Wichman raakte snel betrokken bij het blad en gedurende het hele jaar 1928 zou hij een van de belangrijkste publicisten van het blad worden. Bij een lezing in Utrecht voor studenten door Sinclair en Wichman in november 1928 bleek het publiek te zijn vertrokken naar Breukelen om daar een dreigende dijkdoorbraak te keren. De sprekers trokken er achteraan en werkten een stormnacht met de studenten om verdere overstromingen tegen te houden. Erich Wichman hield er een longontsteking aan over, waaraan hij op nieuwjaarsdag 1929 overleed. Zijn begrafenis werd een fascistische manifestatie.

Processing information

Bewerking

Inventaris gemaakt door Bernard Mantel in 2001.

System of arrangement

Ordening

Een grote hoeveelheid foto's en documentatie over de kunstwerken van Erich Wichman is van het archief afscheiden en overgebracht naar de afdeling Beeld en Geluid van het IISG.

Conditions governing access

Raadpleging

Vrij

Conditions governing reproduction

Beperkingen aan gebruik

Ter bescherming van de originele documenten (behalve inv. nr. 21) worden alleen scans beschikbaar gesteld.

Existence and location of copies

Andere fysieke vorm

Gehele archief (behalve inv.nr. 21) gedigitaliseerd vanaf de microfilm in 2011

1 veiligheidsmicrofilm (Metamorfoze, 2001)

Preferred citation

Aanbevolen citeerwijze

Archief Erich Wichman, inventory number..., International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam

Extent

0.25 m. meter

Keywords

Onderwerpen

Subjects:
Fascism and Nazism/ Fascist and Nazist movements and parties/Anti-fascist movements
Culture, media and arts
Geographic names:
Netherlands
Personal names:Begeer, C.J. Meijer-Wichmann, Clara Staal, J.F.
Genre of the material:

Archival material
Titles of related works:
De Bezem, fascistisch blad voor Nederland
Titles of related works:
De Bezem

Language of the material

Dutch

Record creator


Creator:

Wichman, Erich

Content provider

Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis

( Cruquiusweg 31 , 1019 AT Amsterdam , Nederland )

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