Return to search

Indentures of the Gale family and others relating to Jamaican plantations

1760-1838 Reference: Gale

View context

England, United Kingdom
Black Cultural Archives

Finding aid sub-groups

Scope and content

This collection of indentures are concerned with property in Jamaica originally owned by the Gale family but which descend through marriage into the families of John Fisher and Joseph Chaplin Hankey. They are primarily concerned with plantations in the parish of St Elizabeths, including Luanna Pen, Goldren Grove and the Union estates, but also some apparently unrelated properties such as Rose Hall.

Record creators history

The earliest Gales mentioned in the indentures are Sarah and Jonathan Gale. Jonathan Gale died before April 1737 leaving Sarah, as his widow and executor, with debts of about £10,100. "Her estates and effects in England were very small and inconsiderable but the debts owing her and her effects in Jamaica and other parts beyond the seas amount to £13,200". A portion of this debt having been paid the remaining £3,150 was assigned to John Fisher and Joseph Chaplin Hankey in 1760 (GALE/1/1). Sarah and Jonathan Gale's relationship to the other Gales is unclear but, as Fisher and Hankey were the sons-in-law of Isaac and Dorothy Gale, some family connection can be surmised.

On 28 May 1735 Isaac and Dorothy Gale conveyed plantations in St Elizabeths to Claudius Archbould (including those previously owned by John Came of St Elizabeths deceased). Archbould died in October 1740 and left his estate to his daughter Willemina, held in trust by Henry Archbould and Robert Ashbourne. She married Edward Willson and her estates passed to him (GALE/1/4).

Isaac Gale and Dorothy Gale appear to have had at least four children; Dorothy (b 10 March 1726), Jane Isabella (b 9 December 1734), John (b 10 November 1735) and Catherine (b 9 June 1738). Isaac made a will leaving a legacy of £3000 to both Jane Isabella and Catherine in March 1749 (these are the only legacy recited in a release of 1763 (GALE/1/3) and it seems likely that similar legacies were left to his other children) and he died soon afterwards. Dorothy (the eldest daughter of Andrew Orgill of Nonsuch, Trinity and Unity in the parish of St Mary, Jamaica) died on 8 May 1750. John Gale then died without issue on 6 May 1758 (his will is dated 10 February 1757, in which he bequeathed his remaining estates to his sisters). By 1754 Isaac Gale's daughters had all married. Dorothy married William Foster of The Bogue Estate, Jamaica on 19 February 1744. Jane Isabella married, on 13 October 1753, John Fisher of Greenwich. Catherine married Joseph Chaplin Hankey of Bergholt, Suffolk on 23 February 1754 (who died 18 October 1773, aged 46, having had issue). Catherine Gale was also left £1000 in the will of Samuel Orgill of Jamaica esquire deceased and payment was secured by Zachary Bayly of Jamaica esquire (who purchased some part of the said Samuel Orgill's estate).

By 1763 Hankey and Fisher "are intitled in equal moietys to several judgements debts and other incumbrances affecting the real and personal estates late of Isaac Gale late of the parish of Saint Elizabeth in the island of Jamaica esquire deceased Dorothy Gale his wife and John Gale late of Jamaica esquire deceased" and for the same of Jonathan Gale deceased and his widow Sarah Gale. The arbitrators of an award of 6 April 1763 ordered that John Fisher and Joseph Chaplain Hankey release a house in Spanish Town to a William Gale of the parish of Vere in Jamaica in exchange for £650 (see GALE/1/8). William Gale was the surviving son and executor of John Gale of Vere deceased (GALE/1/8). William Gale died in 1784 and had married Elizabeth Morant, who had died in 1759 (Exeter University, MS 44). Again it is unclear how these Gales are related to Isaac and Dorothy or their children.

The property known as Golden Grove in 1763 had originally been granted by the Crown by Letters Patent as follows: 465 acres to William Ivey on 1st March 17--, 300 acres to Samuel Rushton on 24th August 1717, 145 acres (part of 300 acres) to Nicholas Coleman on 24th August 1717, 85 acres (part of 3,000 acres) to Samuel Rushton on 7th November 1718, 500 acres to Joshua Crosbie on 24th August 1717, and 232 (part of 465 acres) to William Ivey on 1 March 1730. Likewise, what was known as Luanna plantation had originally been granted by the Crown by Letters Patent as follows: 300 acres to Bonetta Jennings on 5th October 1698, 318 acres (part of 1863 acres) to John Vassall on 10th June 1694, 40 acres to Samuel Vassall on 1st June 1708, 170 acres (part of 350 acres) to Robert Rawlins on 20th June 1723, 32 acres to John Vassall on 10th June 1674, and 200 acres to Isaac Gale on 8th December 1736 (see GALE/1/6). Although Golden Grove had now become part of the Union Estate the lease excluded "a certain portion or plot of land part of [Golden Grove] estate lying west of a line drawn between certain cane pieces and parcels of land known by the several names of Dawson and Cromwell on the west and certain other pieces called Campbell and Warsaw on the east and continued to the river called One Eye River on the north and a certain estate called Windsor Estate on the south and including the said pieces or parcels of land called Dawson and Cromwell" (GALE/1/12).

Jane Isabella Fisher and John Fisher appear to have had two children, John Fisher and James Fisher. John Fisher senior died on 11 February 1769 and was buried at Greenwich. By 1783 Jane Isabella had remarried John Spooner of Grovesnor Place, Middlesex. In a release of 1788 Jane Isabella is now the widow of John Spooner. In 1783 John Foster Barham bought from John and Jane Spooner and James and John Fisher for £350, 219 acres woodland in Nassau in St Elizabeths. In 1788 this land was further released to Jane Isabella Spooner by Richard Vassall (see GALE/1/10).

John Fisher junior (by 1813 being given as 'of Tidwell House in the parish of East Budleigh in Devon' (GALE/1/11) and by 1815 leasing out some of his father's properties in Jamaica (GALE/1/12)) married Elizabeth Lyte of Bath on 2 May 1815 (GALE/1/14). Elizabeth Lyte had an annual £400 payable out of the tolls of the Honiton Turnpike, was entitled to £266 13s 4d upon the death of Betty Palfrey of Chard in Somerset and had secured annuities in the names of James Henry Arnold and Mary Lyte widow (GALE/1/13). Elizabeth Lyte died on 20 October 1837, her marriage with Fisher having produced no children. The text of her will is recited as follows: "In the name of God amen I Elizabeth Fisher of East Budleigh in the County of Devon do make this my last will and testament in manner and form following first I direct my executors hereinafter named to pay within six months after my death to Mrs Arnold Widow of the late James Henry Arnold Esquire LLD her administrators or assigns the sum of six hundred pounds which was kindly advanced to Mr Fisher by my much loved and esteemed friend the late Doctor Arnold together with any interest that may become due thereon from the date of this my will and I likewise direct my said executors to pay within the like period of six months to Miss Elizabeth Meyrick of Holsworthy in the County of Devon aforesaid her executors administrators or assigns the sum of one hundred and fifty pounds together with any interest that may become due thereon from the date of this my will and after the above payments are made I give and bequeath to my dear husband John Fisher all the rest residue and remainder of my property of what kind or nature soever and wheresoever situated and I hereby nominate constitute and appoint the said John Fisher sole executor of this my will and my residuary Legatee In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this eighteenth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand and eight hundred and thirty six Elizabeth Fisher (LJ) and which said Will is attested as follows signed sealed and delivered by the said Elizabeth Fisher as and for her last will and testament in the presence of Mary Hill Mary Ann Webber- both of East Budleigh" (GALE/1/14).

In 1813 John Fisher junior (who owed £3780 to John Fisher Weare and £3612 6s 10d to George Weare Braikenridge, John Braikenridge and Richard Honnywill of Bristol) released the Union Estate (incorporating land formerly known as Golden Grove) and Luana Pen and "the said John Fisher doth hereby for himself his heirs executors and administrators further covenant promise and agree to and with the said William Weare and George Braikenridge their heirs executors administrators and assigns that he the said John Fisher his heirs executors administrators agents and assigns shall and will within the space of two calendar months next after these presents shall arrive in the said Island of Jamaica make or cause to be made a true perfect and exact list or schedule of the negro and other slaves in upon or belonging to or used or employed upon the said plantation and penn hereby released or otherwise assured or intended so to be or any part thereof containing the particulars of their names employments and sexes and of the issue offspring and increase of the females of the said slaves and cause the said list or schedule to be signed by the agent or attorney of the said John Fisher his heirs or assigns and annex or cause the said list or schedule when so signed to be annexed to these presents". Along with GALE/1/11, two further indentures (GALE/2/1 and GALE/2/2) in this collection contain lists of the enslaved people on Swanswick plantation, and in one instance the indenture itself is conveying enslaved people (GALE/2/1). The majority of these only give the names and occupations of the enslaved people, but GALE/2/2 also gives ages and ethnic categories, as well as some details of births and deaths. This list shares a page with a list of the chattels on the Swanswick plantation and the plantations referred to in this collection are often indentured along with "all the Pastures Provision Ground Plantation Walks Lands Messuages Houses Erections Buildings Negroes and other slaves Implements Utensils Stock of cattle Hereditaments and Premises thereunto belonging" (for example see GALE/1/16). When John Fisher leased the Union Estate, Luanna Pen and Archibolds Pen to Henry James Arnold, Robert Campbell and Thomas Meade in 1815 he did so along with "all negroes and slaves men women and children and the increase and progeny of the same and all horses cows oxen sheep and other cattle whatsoever and all coppers stews ladles skimmers potting basons sugar pots stills still heads worms worm tubs coolers cisterns plantation tools and all other implements goods and chattels whatsoever" (GALE/1/12 ). Enslaved people usually appear in these indentures after the property and before the livestock on the plantation, clearly this was the status of enslaved people on Jamaican plantations.

Information from GALE: Indentures of the Gale family and others relating to Jamaican plantations, 'Jamaica Surveyed' by B W Higman (Institute of Jamaica: 1988) and 'Gale Family History' This link has no description

Archival history

This collection has historically been known as the 'slave papers'. Late in 1984 BCA began negotiating with L E Fisher, an antiques dealer in Hammersmith for the 'slave papers'. BCA was given first refusal for a price of £2,000. This money was raised from a number of black groups, individuals and the community at large. Specific donors included the Greater London Council, Shell, The Caribbean Teachers Association and Lambeth CRC. The indentures were bought on 2 February 1985.

Conditions governing access

This collection is available for research. Readers are strongly urged to contact Black Cultural Archives in advance of their visit. Some of the material may be stored off-site and advance notice of at least a week is needed in order to retrieve this material.

The reading room is open for access to archive materials Wednesdays-Fridays, 10am-4pm. The reading room is also open late every second Thursday of the month, 1pm-7pm.

Please email the archivist to book an appointment archives@bcaheritage.org.uk

Extent

20 documents

Keywords

Subjects:
plantation records
plantation workers
Indentures
Family names:Gale  family. 

Language of the material

English

Record creator

Gale Family

Content provider

Black Cultural Archives

Rate this content

Was this content helpful? Let Archives Portal Europe and the archival institution know what you think.

Add feedback

Contact this institution

Feedback is sent directly to the institution holding this material and should preferably be submitted in English or in the language of the institution, if possible. The institution will aim at getting back to you as soon as possible to help you with your request, though you might need to allow between two and four weeks for this depending on the current workload at the institution.

Not all required fields have been filled in.

Full name*

Your full name is required

Email address*

Your email address is required

Your message*

A message is required

Archives Portal Europe help guide

Please select amongst the relevant tips we can help with. If you still have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us, and we will be in touch as soon as possible.

Starting your search here will include all content available in Archives Portal Europe. Simply enter your keyword(s) and hit the search button. Wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks, e.g. “French Revolution”. Check the box to “Search each term separately” in case you are looking for documents containing at least one word, but not necessarily all keywords; this will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages at the same time (e.g. “French Revolution” “Révolution Française”). You can also use wildcards - find more about Research Tools here. If you would like to use more specific settings, try our Advanced search

The additional advanced search options give you the possibility to focus your search in:

  • archival documents (Search in archives),
  • names of person and organisations that created, worked with and maintained these documents (Search in names),
  • Institutions currently holding the documents (Search in institutions).

When searching with multiple terms at the same time, wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks (e.g. "French Revolution"), or check the box "Search each term separately" in case you are looking for either one term of the other. This will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages (e.g. "French Revolution" "Révolution française"). You can also choose one of the suggestions matching your search term once you start typing.

This will only show results that include documents that have been digitised and are available online

Use this option to search only one or more keywords, rather than all of them

Select where your search terms should appear specifically inside the archival description:

  • Title: search terms will appear in the title, or name, of the description
  • Content Summary: search terms will appear in the main description of the document or of the collection
  • Reference code: it is the identifier of the archival material as provided by the institution. Use this option if you know the exact reference code of the material you are looking for

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person.
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation.

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the description of the archive:

  • Name: search term appears in the name of the institution. It can be the full name of an archival institution or only parts of it.
  • Place: search term appears in the address or area of the institution. It can be the city or town, where the archival institution is located or any other place of importance (e.g. previous locations)

  • A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds, up to item level.
  • A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • A source guide is a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions.
    You can filter by one or more entity types:
  • A person (e.g. John Locke, or Jean Jaques Rousseau);
  • A family (e.g. Bonaparte, or Helgason);
  • A corporate body, i.e. the name of an institution, organisation, or company (e.g. Ministerie van Justitie, or Electro Mecánica Antonio Armentano)

Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions:

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Enter a start and/or end date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01-01-1900 for 1 January 1900. This will allow you to focus your search on a specific period of time. You can use the calendar function or type directly in the text field. The checkbox "Exact date search" concentrates the search on one specific date.

Check "View in context" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of archives.

  • Choose "List view" to view the results in a simple list, ordered according to relevance or date
  • Choose "Context view" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of the holding archives.

For more details see Research Tools

Please sign in to save your searches.

A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.

A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level.

You can filter results by selecting one or more countries of interest. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by one or more holding archival institutions. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can select to view results from a specific Finding Aid, i.e., a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter by type of descriptive document:

  • "Holdings Guide": an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • "Source guide": a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions. a description of the archival collections available. Similar to Holdings guides
  • "Finding aid" provides more detailed descriptions of the archival materials of specific collections or fonds

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting "Fonds description" for a general overview or "Other descriptions" for item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting only those containing digital objects, i.e. the link to the digitised version of the archival material you are looking for. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of digital object you are interested in:

  • Text: most documental material, such as administrative records, letters, manuscripts etc.
  • Image: includes photographs, posters, maps.
  • Sound: sound recording with no images
  • Video: moving images with or without sound
  • Unspecified: indicates that the holding institution has not specified the type of digital object
  • 3D: 3-d digital objects

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)

  • Full dates includes normalised date information available for date-based searches. It is recommended to combine this selection with the filters "Start timespan" and "End timespan" for more details.
  • Only descriptive dates provides the date information in human-readable format.
  • No date either includes documents where the creation date is unknown, or where date information is not in a machine-readable format

Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of entities:

  • Person (e.g., John Locke or Jean Jaques Rousseau)
  • Family (e.g., the family Bonaparte)
  • Corporate body (an institution, organisation, or company, e.g. the "Ministerie van Justitie")
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version

What kind of suggestion would you like to make?

  • Assign to topic: assign this record to one of our Topics. Topics are created following the Unesco Thesaurus
  • Suggest translation: If you have translated this archival description or the documents themselves, please send it to us as a .doc or .pdf file
  • Connect to another resource: If this object relates to another resource in Archives Portal Europe, or anywhere else on the web (e.g., an article on Wikipedia), you can suggest it to be linked to this resource
  • Other: If you have any other relevant material, such as a transcription of the document, please upload it and let us know here

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Licence

This object is not or no longer protected by copyright and has been labelled with the Public Domain Mark. It can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. All possible existing rights in the content are waived, and the object can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution (BY) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object, even commercially, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Share Alike Licence

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NoDerivs

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NonCommercial

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

Return to search Make a suggestion Contact this institution