Return to search

TH/TU Karl-Marx-Stadt - Verwaltungsdirektor

1968 - 1991 Reference: 202/2.07

View context

Deutschland
Technische Universität Chemnitz. Universitätsarchiv

Finding aid sub-groups

Scope and content

1. Verwaltungsgeschichte/ Biografische Angaben

Der Verwaltungsdirektor an der Technischen Hochschule/Universität Karl-Marx-Stadt 1979 bis 1990
1. Vorwort:
Die Funktionen des Verwaltungsdirektors stellten einen wichtigen Faktor in der Leitung und Koordination in der Hochschulverwaltung dar. Ähnlich, wie die heutige Funktion des Kanzlers, hatte der Verwaltungsdirektor unter anderem Entscheidungen zur Verwaltungsorganisation, Verwaltungsstruktur und Haushaltsführung sowie deren Planung zu treffen. Jedoch gab es insbesondere ab der III. Hochschulreform 1969 einen Bruch, da die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors von 1969 bis 1981 an der Technischen Hochschule Karl-Marx-Stadt nicht existierte. Die Durchsetzung des Einzelleitungsprinzips führte zu einer Verteilung von Verwaltungsaufgaben auf Direktorate, welche dem Rektorat untergeordnet wurden. Erst ab den 1980er Jahren wurde die Position des Verwaltungsdirektors wieder geschaffen.
Für die Nachweise der verwendeten Quellen wurde ein separates Quellenverzeichnis erstellt, welches jedoch nicht alle für die Bestandsbildnergeschichte relevanten Quellen enthält, da besonders Quellen aus dem vorliegenden Bestand 202/2.7 - Verwaltungsdirektor nicht im Einzelnen berücksichtigt werden konnten. Die vorliegende Darstellung der Geschichte des Verwaltungsdirektors an der Technischen Hochschule, ab 1986 Technischen Universität, Karl-Marx-Stadt stellt demnach nur einen sehr allgemeinen und kurz gefassten Überblick der Bestandsgeschichte dar. Für eine wissenschaftlich korrekte und umfassende Darstellung werden weitergehende Recherchen nötig sein.
2. Die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors bis 1968
Mit Gründung der Hochschule für Maschinenbau Karl-Marx-Stadt 1953 wurde in der Leitungsstruktur die Funktion eines Verwaltungsdirektors geschaffen, welcher die Organisations- und Leitungsfunktion für alle Bereiche der Verwaltung in sich vereinte. Konkrete Zuständigkeitsbereiche waren die Allgemeine Verwaltung, der Haushalt sowie Investitionen. 1954 wurde Herr Neugebauer als erster Verwaltungsdirektor eingesetzt. Ihm waren alle Verwaltungsabteilungen unterstellt, unter anderem die Abteilungen Haushalt, Arbeit, Planung und Statistik, Soziale Betreuung, studentisches Wohnungswesen sowie die Allgemeine Verwaltung, die Sicherheitsinspektion, die Mensen sowie die Sanitätsstelle.
Nach 10 jähriger Tätigkeit als Verwaltungsdirektor wurde Herr Neugebauer 1963 durch Alfred Boitz abgelöst. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden die bisher unterstellten Abteilungen zum Teil zusammengefasst und neu gegliedert. Zudem wurde eine Abteilung Arbeitsschutz und Sicherheit eingerichtet. Ab dem Jahr 1968 wurden die Abteilungen des Verwaltungsdirektors nach und nach auf das Rektorat und das Direktorat für Planung und Ökonomie aufgeteilt.
3. Die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors ab 1968
Mit der vollständigen Umstrukturierung der Technischen Hochschule Karl-Marx-Stadt während der III. Hochschulreform im Jahre 1969 wurde die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors vollständig abgeschafft. Die bisherigen Aufgaben, welche bereits 1968 auf das Rektorat und das neu geschaffene Direktorat für Planung und Ökonomie aufgeteilt worden waren, wurden nun von den neu gebildeten Direktoraten wahrgenommen. Es wurde das Prinzip der Einzelleitung durchgesetzt und somit fiel die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors weg. Der bisherige Verwaltungsdirektor Herr Boitz wurde in eine andere Position versetzt. Sein Stellvertreter Horst Kempe, welcher bereits seit 1965 überwiegend stellvertretend die Tätigkeit als Verwaltungsdirektors wahrgenommen hatte, wurde als neuer Direktor für Planung und Ökonomie eingesetzt. Es wurde nun in der gesamten Technischen Hochschule Karl-Marx-Stadt das Prinzip der Einzelleitung umgesetzt.
Probleme im Prinzip der Einzelleitung ergaben sich im Laufe der 1970er Jahre in den Verwaltungsbereichen und Sektionen. Dabei handelte es sich vereinzelt um Organisations-, Koordinations- und Versorgungsprobleme, sodass das Politbüro zur Leitungs- und Planungstätigkeit an Universitäten und Hochschulen ein Leitungsexperiment an der Technischen Hochschule Karl-Marx-Stadt einleitete. Der 18.03.1980 war die Initialzündung für das Leitungsexperiment, in welchem der 1. Prorektor den Verwaltungsdirektor ernennen konnte. Die Wiederschaffung dieser Verwaltungsfunktion sollte zu einer Verwaltungsoptimierung und zur Vermeidung von Koordinations- und Zuständigkeitskonflikten führen.
War der Verwaltungsdirektor bis 1968 direkt dem Rektor unterstellt, so war der Verwaltungsdirektor ab 1981 dem 1. Prorektor unterstellt. Bis 1968 hatte der Verwaltungsdirektor die Leitung über alle Verwaltungsbereiche, ab 1981 war dieser jedoch hauptsächlich vorerst dem Bereich des Direktorats für Planung und Ökonomie übergeordnet. Für die einzelnen Sektionen wurden Verwaltungsleiter ernannt, die in Rücksprache und unter Weisung des Verwaltungsdirektors der Hochschule die Verwaltung und Organisation der Bereiche verbessern sollten. Arbeitsaufgaben des Verwaltungsdirektors bildeten vor Allem die Arbeitsbereiche des Direktorats für Planung und Ökonomie, insbesondere Haushaltsplanungen, Energiewirtschaft, Instandhaltung und Materialwirtschaft, Wohnungswesen, Gebäudewirtschaft, Versorgung und Arbeitsschutz. Als Verantwortlicher für diese Leitungsfunktion als Verwaltungsdirektor wurde Herr Horst Kempe bestimmt. Offiziell wurde die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors nach erfolgreicher Durchführung des Leitungsexperiments am 01.09.1981 wieder eingeführt. Die Verantwortlichkeiten innerhalb der Zentralen Hochschulverwaltung wurden neu verteilt. Das Direktorat für Planung und Ökonomie wurde aufgeteilt und es wurde das Direktorat für Ökonomie sowie das Direktorat für Technik und materiell-technische Versorgung gebildet.
Der Verwaltungsdirektor, welcher dem 1. Prorektor unterstellt war, hatte vor allem die Leitung über das Direktorat für Ökonomie sowie für das Direktorat für Technik und materiell-technische Versorgung. Die Direktorate für Kader und Qualifizierung, für Erziehung und Ausbildung, für Weiterbildung, für Forschung und für Internationale Beziehungen sowie die Sektionen waren dem Verwaltungsdirektor noch nicht unterstellt. Sie unterhielten eigene Verwaltungsabteilungen, die sich im stetigen Austausch mit dem Verwaltungsdirektor befanden.
Zwischen 1981 und 1985 wurde Herr Kempe, welcher in diesen Jahren seine Dissertation verfasste, durch Dr. oec. Jäckel vertreten. Offiziell füllte Dr. Kempe die Position weiterhin aus, jedoch nicht im vollen Umfang. Erst nach Fertigstellung seiner Dissertation 1985 war er wieder voll als Verwaltungsdirektor tätig.
Es zeichnet sich besonders mit der Statuserhöhung der Technischen Hochschule Karl-Marx-Stadt zur Technischen Universität Karl-Marx-Stadt 1986 ab, dass die Funktionen und Befugnisse des Verwaltungsdirektors deutlich ausgeweitet wurden und ab diesem Jahr an die Funktionen denen des heutigen Kanzlers ähneln. Der Verwaltungsdirektor wurde zunehmend zum Leiter der gesamten Verwaltungsdirektorate und die Schnittstelle der Direktorate zum Rektor.
Als Konsequenz der politischen Wende 1990 vollzog sich auch eine strukturelle Veränderung innerhalb der Technischen Universität Karl-Marx-Stadt. Die Funktion des Verwaltungsdirektors wurde mit der Einführung der Funktion des Kanzlers obsolet. Die Aufgaben blieben ähnlich, jedoch wurde Dr. Kempe von Dr. Matthes als kommissarischem Kanzler abgelöst.

2. Bestandsbeschreibung

Ab Mitte 2011 wurde der Teilbestand Verwaltungsdirektor im Rahmen eines Abschlussprojektes im Rahmen der Ausbildung zur Fachangestellten für Medien- und Informationsdienste, Fachrichtung durch Frau Juliane Kletschka bearbeitet.
Der Bestand beinhaltete vor der Erschließung insgesamt 567 Akteneinheiten und betrug ca. 7,5 lfm. Er befand sich vor der Erschließung noch in dem Zustand, in welchem er Mitte der 1980 und zu Beginn der 1990er eingeliefert worden waren, das heißt, dass die Unterlagen in nicht archivgerechten Mappen und Kartons lagerten. Die einzelnen Akteneinheiten waren teilweise mit Bindfäden zusammengebunden und in nicht basisch gepufferten Kartons gelagert. Besonders durch das Zusammenbinden mit Bindfäden hatten die Mappen, teilweise auch einzelne Blätter, starke mechanische Schäden erlitten. Diese wurden im Rahmen des Projektes nicht behoben.
Die Akten wurden bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre relativ streng nach Aktenplan gebildet. Ab 1986 müssen Abweichungen festgestellt werden. Als Findhilfsmittel dienten die Einlieferungslisten. Auf diesen Listen waren die Grundangaben zu den Unterlagen enthalten (laufende Nummer, Aktenzeichen, Aktentitel, Laufzeit). Problematisch war die ungenaue Titelvergabe, da zum überwiegenden Teil als Aktentitel die Bezeichnung des Aktenplanes übernommen worden war und sich dies bei einigen Akteneinheiten als unzureichend herausstellte. Der Aktenplan wurde zur Erarbeitung der Klassifikation herangezogen.
Kassiert wurden im Vorfeld der Erschließung Haushaltsunterlagen und Quittungen. Während der Erschließung wurden vor allem nicht archivierungswürdige Unterlagen von geringem Wert, Duplikate oder Haushaltsunterlagen kassiert. Alle Kassationen wurden auf den Einlieferungslisten vermerkt.
Die Gesamtmenge des Bestandes konnte dadurch von ca. 7 lfm. auf ca. 4,5 lfm reduziert werden. Insgesamt wurden 217 Akteneinheiten kassiert oder aus dem Bestand herausgezogen. 16 Akteneinheiten mussten in mehrere Bände aufgeteilt werden, sodass am Ende der Erschließung 377 Akteneinheiten im Bestand vorhanden sind.
Juliane Kletschka, 27.09.2012

3. Erschließungszustand

erschlossen, Findbuch, Bestandsakte. Umfang: 4,8 lfm.

Content provider

Universitätsarchiv Chemnitz

(Reichenhainer Straße 41, D - 09126 Chemnitz, uni-archiv@tu-chemnitz.de)
Universitätsarchiv Chemnitz

Rate this content

Was this content helpful? Let Archives Portal Europe and the archival institution know what you think.

Add feedback

Contact this institution

Feedback is sent directly to the institution holding this material and should preferably be submitted in English or in the language of the institution, if possible. The institution will aim at getting back to you as soon as possible to help you with your request, though you might need to allow between two and four weeks for this depending on the current workload at the institution.

Not all required fields have been filled in.

Full name*

Your full name is required

Email address*

Your email address is required

Your message*

A message is required

Archives Portal Europe help guide

Please select amongst the relevant tips we can help with. If you still have questions, please do not hesitate to contact us, and we will be in touch as soon as possible.

Starting your search here will include all content available in Archives Portal Europe. Simply enter your keyword(s) and hit the search button. Wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks, e.g. “French Revolution”. Check the box to “Search each term separately” in case you are looking for documents containing at least one word, but not necessarily all keywords; this will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages at the same time (e.g. “French Revolution” “Révolution Française”). You can also use wildcards - find more about Research Tools here. If you would like to use more specific settings, try our Advanced search

The additional advanced search options give you the possibility to focus your search in:

  • archival documents (Search in archives),
  • names of person and organisations that created, worked with and maintained these documents (Search in names),
  • Institutions currently holding the documents (Search in institutions).

When searching with multiple terms at the same time, wrap fixed expressions in quotation marks (e.g. "French Revolution"), or check the box "Search each term separately" in case you are looking for either one term of the other. This will also allow you to search for the same term in multiple languages (e.g. "French Revolution" "Révolution française"). You can also choose one of the suggestions matching your search term once you start typing.

This will only show results that include documents that have been digitised and are available online

Use this option to search only one or more keywords, rather than all of them

Select where your search terms should appear specifically inside the archival description:

  • Title: search terms will appear in the title, or name, of the description
  • Content Summary: search terms will appear in the main description of the document or of the collection
  • Reference code: it is the identifier of the archival material as provided by the institution. Use this option if you know the exact reference code of the material you are looking for

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person.
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation.

You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the description of the archive:

  • Name: search term appears in the name of the institution. It can be the full name of an archival institution or only parts of it.
  • Place: search term appears in the address or area of the institution. It can be the city or town, where the archival institution is located or any other place of importance (e.g. previous locations)

  • A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds, up to item level.
  • A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • A source guide is a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions.
    You can filter by one or more entity types:
  • A person (e.g. John Locke, or Jean Jaques Rousseau);
  • A family (e.g. Bonaparte, or Helgason);
  • A corporate body, i.e. the name of an institution, organisation, or company (e.g. Ministerie van Justitie, or Electro Mecánica Antonio Armentano)

Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions:

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Enter a start and/or end date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01-01-1900 for 1 January 1900. This will allow you to focus your search on a specific period of time. You can use the calendar function or type directly in the text field. The checkbox "Exact date search" concentrates the search on one specific date.

Check "View in context" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of archives.

  • Choose "List view" to view the results in a simple list, ordered according to relevance or date
  • Choose "Context view" to view the results in the hierarchical structure of the holding archives.

For more details see Research Tools

Please sign in to save your searches.

A holdings guide is an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.

A finding aid is a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level.

You can filter results by selecting one or more countries of interest. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by one or more holding archival institutions. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can select to view results from a specific Finding Aid, i.e., a structured description of archival materials per collection or fonds up to item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter by type of descriptive document:

  • "Holdings Guide": an overview of the collections and fonds of one archival institution.
  • "Source guide": a topic-oriented overview of collections and fonds of one or several institutions. a description of the archival collections available. Similar to Holdings guides
  • "Finding aid" provides more detailed descriptions of the archival materials of specific collections or fonds

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting "Fonds description" for a general overview or "Other descriptions" for item level. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by selecting only those containing digital objects, i.e. the link to the digitised version of the archival material you are looking for. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of digital object you are interested in:

  • Text: most documental material, such as administrative records, letters, manuscripts etc.
  • Image: includes photographs, posters, maps.
  • Sound: sound recording with no images
  • Video: moving images with or without sound
  • Unspecified: indicates that the holding institution has not specified the type of digital object
  • 3D: 3-d digital objects

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your filter selection will appear above. Click "Clear filters" to see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers)

  • Full dates includes normalised date information available for date-based searches. It is recommended to combine this selection with the filters "Start timespan" and "End timespan" for more details.
  • Only descriptive dates provides the date information in human-readable format.
  • No date either includes documents where the creation date is unknown, or where date information is not in a machine-readable format

Please note that not all documents contain a machine-readable date. More information here

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the earliest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the date of creation of the archival material (which may differ from the time period you are interested in - e.g., philosophers from the Enlightenment period reflecting on classic thinkers). This filter will only include materials with "Full dates", i.e. those that include date information available for date-based searches. You can either search for a specific date of interest or focus step by step on the time span of a century, decade, year or month. When searching for a specific date, enter the date in the format DD-MM-YYYY, i.e. 01/01/1900 for 1 January 1900, via the calendar function or by typing directly in the text field.
This filter concentrates on the latest dates mentioned in the materials.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting one or more topics of interest. Please note that this filter will only include materials where the topic has been assigned and is therefore in a machine-readable format. Read how to assign a topic to documents on the Topics page. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.



You can filter results by selecting where your search terms appears specifically inside the archival description:

  • The name can be the full name of a person, family or organisation as well as only parts of it, e.g. only the last name.
  • The identifier is used internally by the institution or refers to (inter)national vocabularies such as the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF).
  • The place can be the place of birth (or foundation), the place of death (or closing), the place of work or any other place of importance.
  • The occupation is the profession or job of a person
  • The mandate is a law, directive or charter that establishes and defines an organisation's powers, functions, responsibilities or sphere of activities.
  • The function is an activity, role, or purpose performed or manifested by a person, family or organisation

You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results by type of entities:

  • Person (e.g., John Locke or Jean Jaques Rousseau)
  • Family (e.g., the family Bonaparte)
  • Corporate body (an institution, organisation, or company, e.g. the "Ministerie van Justitie")
You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the language in which the material is written. Please note that this filter will only include materials where specific language information has been provided by the institution and is therefore in a machine-readable format. You can also combine this filter with other filters. Your selection will then be displayed above the search results (see "Search filters"). Clicking "Clear filters" will remove your selection and you will see all results matching your initial search request again.

You can filter results based on the type of holding institution. Please note that this filter will only include institutions, for which a type has been provided as part of their descriptions.

  • A business archive holds the records of (often) commercial organisations.
  • A church or religious archive holds the records of church parishes or religious organisations, e.g. birth or death registers.
  • A county or local authority archive holds the records of the county's administrative bodies.
  • A media archive holds audiovisual or sound records, e.g. a film archive or the archive of a broadcasting company.
  • A municipal archive holds the records of a town or city administration.
  • A national archive holds the records of a country's administrative bodies, i.e. from ministries and other public bodies, sometimes also private papers of former ministers, chancellors, or presidents.
  • A private person or family archive holds the records forming the legacy of a prominent person or family.
  • A regional archive holds the records of a region's administrative bodies.
  • A specialised governmental archive holds records of public bodies, often operating on a national level, that are not part of the national archives' holdings.
  • A specialised non-governmental archive or archive of another cultural heritage institution hold collections from various cultural heritage institutions, eg. museum archives, libraries archives, etc
  • A university archive or archive of another research organisation holds the records pertaining to the administration of the according educational or research body.
  • Political parties, popular/labour movements and other non-governmental organisations, associations, agencies and foundations hold the archival collections of these institutions, outside of governmental records and outside of business archives (e.g., NGOs)

Write your message in your own language and use this drop-down menu to have your message translated into English or in the language of the institution for a swifter response. By checking this box and selecting a language you will send your original message along with the translated version

What kind of suggestion would you like to make?

  • Assign to topic: assign this record to one of our Topics. Topics are created following the Unesco Thesaurus
  • Suggest translation: If you have translated this archival description or the documents themselves, please send it to us as a .doc or .pdf file
  • Connect to another resource: If this object relates to another resource in Archives Portal Europe, or anywhere else on the web (e.g., an article on Wikipedia), you can suggest it to be linked to this resource
  • Other: If you have any other relevant material, such as a transcription of the document, please upload it and let us know here

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Licence

This object is not or no longer protected by copyright and has been labelled with the Public Domain Mark. It can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication. All possible existing rights in the content are waived, and the object can be used by anyone without any restrictions.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution (BY) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object, even commercially, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for Attribution Creative Commons Share Alike Licence

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NoDerivs

This is a test area to fill out all the copyright details for NonCommercial

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

Return to search Make a suggestion Contact this institution