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DY 30 Zentrale Parteikontrollkommission der SED

1948 - 1989/90 Reference: DY 30 View in original presentation

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Germany
Bundesarchiv

Finding aid sub-groups

Solveig Nestler
2000, 2008, 2010
Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv
(Berlin)

Scope and content

Zusammenfassung

Die Zentrale Parteikontrollkommission (ZPKK) wurde im September 1948 auf Beschluss des Parteivorstandes (PV) der SED gebildet. Ihre Mitglieder und Kandidaten wurden vom PV bzw. Zentralkomitee (ZK) berufen.
Dokumentiert sind u. a. die politische Arbeit von Parteimitgliedern in der Emigration vor 1945 und in Arbeiterorganisationen in Deutschland vor 1933, das Verhalten von Parteimitgliedern in Konzentrationslagern während der NS-Zeit, der antifaschistische Widerstandskampf, politische Aktivitäten in der SBZ/DDR, Überprüfungen von Parteimitgliedern und Vorkommnisse in Institutionen und Organisationen der DDR sowie Protokolle von Sitzungen der ZPKK.

Kopfzeile

Zusammenfassung:

1. Geschichte des Registraturbildners
Im Zuge der Stalinisierung der SED beschloss ihr Parteivorstand (PV) im September 1948 eine Zentrale Parteikontrollkommission (ZPKK) nach sowjetischem Vorbild zu schaffen. Die ZPKK setzte sich zunächst aus neun hauptamtlichen Mitgliedern und drei ehrenamtlichen Kandidaten zusammen. Die Mitglieder und Kandidaten der ZPKK wurden während der gesamten Zeit ihres Bestehens vom gewählten PV bzw. vom Zentralkomitee der SED (ZK) berufen.
Vorsitzende der ZPKK waren von 1948 bis 1950 paritätisch Otto Buchwitz (bis 1946 SPD) und Hermann Matern (bis 1946 KPD), der zugleich Mitglied des Zentralsekretariats war und diese Funktion von Januar 1950 (nach der Aufhebung der paritätischen Besetzung von Parteifunktionen) bis zu seinem Tod im Jahr 1971 allein bekleidete. Von Juni 1971 bis November 1989 war Erich Mückenberger ihr Vorsitzender. Er wurde im November 1989 von Werner Eberlein abgelöst.
Der ZPKK nachgeordnet waren die Bezirks- (bzw. bis zur Verwaltungsreform 1952 die Landesparteikontrollkonmmissionen) und Kreisparteikontrollkommissionen der SED, die an die Weisungen der ZPKK gebunden und ihr gegenüber berichtspflichtig waren.
Wichtigstes Instrument war die Verhängung von Parteistrafen für Parteimitglieder, die in der Regel von der offiziellen Parteipolitik abweichende Auffassungen vertraten bzw. auch kriminelle Handlungen begingen.

2. Zugang ins Archiv
Mit der Unterzeichnung des Einbringungsvertrages zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der PDS am 29. Dezember 1992 waren - ungeachtet unterschiedlicher Eigentumspositionen - die Voraussetzungen dafür geschaffen worden, dass die Stiftung Archiv der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR im Bundesarchiv (SAPMO) ihre Arbeit aufnehmen konnte. So gelangten im Januar 1993 gemeinsam mit dem anderen SED-Schriftgut aus dem Zentralen Parteiarchiv der SED (ZPA) die bearbeiteten und unbearbeiteten Materialien der Zentralen Parteikontrollkommission der SED in die Zuständigkeit der Stiftung.
Die Akten dieses Teilbestandes waren bis Ende 1992 sämtlich als gesperrt eingestuft und somit in der Regel von jeglicher Nutzung für die wissenschaftliche Forschung ausgeschlossen.
Bis Anfang 1990 befanden sich die Magazinräume im Gebäude des Zentralkomitees der SED am Marx-Engels-Platz in Berlin-Mitte (heute am Werderchen Markt, vom Auswärtigen Amt genutzt). Die Akten mussten für die Benutzer und Archivare durch das Stadtzentrum zum ZPA im Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim ZK der SED in der Wilhelm-Pieck-Straße (heute Torstraße) transportiert werden. Die Magazinräume im Haus des ZK der SED zu betreten war nur einem sehr kleinen, festgelegten Personenkreis gestattet, zu welchem die Archivmitarbeiter in der damaligen Wilhelm-Pieck-Straße in der Regel nicht zählten.

Seit 1993 erfolgt die Auswertung der Bestände der SAPMO auf der Grundlage des Stiftungserlasses (§ 4) sowie der Bundesarchiv-Benutzungsverordnung und des Bundesarchivgesetzes (§ 2a, Abs. 4).
Die 30-jährige Schutzfrist für die Überlieferung der Parteien und Massenorganisationen der DDR wurde aufgehoben und lediglich für Archivgut, das sich auf natürliche Personen bezieht, eine 30jährige Schutzfrist nach dem Tod festgeschrieben (vgl. § 4, Abs. 3 des Stiftungserlasses). Davon ist ein nicht unernehblicher Teil der Überlieferung der ZPKK betroffen. Die Auswertung dieser Akten ist deshalb an Auflagen gebunden.

Die Bewertung und Erschließung der Akten für den Zeitraum von 1948 bis 1971 erfolgte von Gerlinde Radczun und Erich Woitinas im Zentralen Parteiarchiv der SED. Die Überlieferung ab 1972, einschließlich relativ umfangreicher Bestandsergänzungen, wurde von Solveig Nestler, unter Mitarbeit von Elisabeth Nicpon, Petra Ritter und Andreas Diehl in der SAPMO verzeichnet. Die letzten Ergänzungen erfolgten im Jahr 2009.

3. Bestandsinformation

Der ZPKK oblag entscheidende Verantwortung bei der Ausrichtung der SED zu einer "Partei neuen Typs", da die SED in ihren Reihen nicht nur Mitglieder der KPD und SPD vereinigte (die nicht selten im Verdacht standen, Kontakte zum Ostbüro der SPD zu unterhalten), sondern auch Angehörige ehemaliger "oppositioneller" Gruppierungen und Parteien, wie der Unabhängigen Sozialdemokratischen Partei (USPD), der Sozialistischen Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (SAPD), der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands-Opposition (KPD-O), der Kommunistischen Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands (KAPD) und des Leninbundes.
Überprüft wurden alle Bereiche und Ebenen des Partei-, Staats- und Wirtschaftsapparates. Dabei arbeitete die ZPKK eng mit staatlichen Stellen zusammen, u. a. mit dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, dem Generalstaatsanwalt, der Zentralen Kommission für Staatliche Kontrolle (ZKSK) und der Hauptverwaltung der Deutschen Volkspolizei (HVDP). Die Ergebnisse der Überprüfungen und Untersuchungen im Partei-, Staats- und Wirtschaftsapparat mussten dem Sekretariat des ZK zur Beschlussfassung vorgelegt werden.
Die technisch-organisatorischen Aufgaben übernahm das Büro der ZPKK. Als nachgeordnete Kontrollorgane zur Umsetzung des Führungsanspruchs der SED und der Disziplinierung der Parteimitglieder wirkten die Bezirksparteikontrollkommissionen (BPKK) - bis Mitte 1952 Landesparteikontrollkommission (LPKK), die Kreisparteikontrollkommissionen (KPKK) sowie die Leitungen der Grundorganisationen (GO) in allen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens der DDR.
In der Überlieferung der ZPKK wird sehr gut die Tätigkeit der ZPKK in der Zeit der "einheitlichen ideologischen Ausrichtung aller SED-Mitglieder" von 1949 bis zum Ende der 50er Jahre gut dokumentiert. Überliefert sind Befragungen u. a. zur politischen Arbeit in der Emigration vor 1945 in verschiedenen Ländern und in Arbeiterorganisationen vor 1933 in Deutschland, zum Verhalten von Parteimitgliedern in Konzentrationslagern während der Zeit der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft sowie Informationen über den antifaschistischen Widerstandskampf.
Die Quellen geben des Weiteren Auskunft über politische Aktivitäten in den Ländern der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone (SBZ), auch über das Ostbüro, über personelle Probleme beim Aufbau der zentralen Verwaltungsorgane, Verlage, gesellschaftlichen Organisationen, Wirtschafts- und Kultureinrichtungen in der SBZ/ DDR. Auch die in der SED-Führung beschlossene Überprüfung der Vergangenheit aller Parteimitglieder und Kandidaten sowie die damit im Zusammenhang stehende Aushändigung neuer Mitgliedsbücher und Kandidatenkarten im Jahr 1951 ist gut belegt.
Für den gesamten Zeitraum von 1948 bis 1989 überliefert sind Protokolle von Sitzungen der ZPKK, von Arbeitstagungen mit Vorsitzenden und Vertretern der Bezirks- und Kreisparteikontrollkommissionen sowie sporadisch Berichte aus den Bezirken und Kreisen.

Ergänzendes Schriftgut befindet sich insbesondere im Büro Erich Mückenberger (für die Jahre 1971 bis 1989), des Weiteren im den SED-Teilbeständen Zentralsekretariat, Sekretariat des ZK, Politbüro, Tagungen des ZK, in den Büros Ulbricht und Honecker, der Abteilung Kaderfragen, der Abteilung Parteiorgane sowie in den Nachlässen von Walter Ulbricht und Wilhelm Pieck.

Zu bestellen sind die Akten unter Angabe der Bestandssignatur und der Bandnummer (DY 30/IV 2/4/... bzw. DY 30/IV A 2/4/... sowie DY 30/...) . Die Zitierweise lautet: SAPMO-BArch, DY 30/IV 2/4/ Nummer des Aktenbandes.

Solveig Nestler

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Sonstiges

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SAPMO

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This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

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