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Entjudung (ausgenommen landwirtschaftlicher Grundbesitz), Sachschadenfeststellung

- Reference: [NOELA]RStH ND IVd-8 View in original presentation

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Österreich
Niederösterreichisches Landesarchiv

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Archival history

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Umfang:
30 Kartons Akten (K 1315-1339), 1 Buch

Provenienz:
Landeshauptmannschaft Niederdonau, Dienststelle für Vermögensverkehr
Der Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau (staatliche Verwaltung), Sonderdezernat IVd-8

Bestandsschwerpunkte:
Arisierung, Entjudung, Vermögensentzug, Juden und Jüdinnen, Vertreibung, Auswanderung, Eigentum

Rechtsgrundlagen:
Der Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau (staatliche Verwaltung), Landesamt I/1a, Zl. 466/133 vom 24. Mai 1940. Mit diesem Schreiben übermittelte der Reichsstatthalter den neuen Geschäftsverteilungsplan seiner Behörde. Die Unterabteilung IVd war für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Verkehr zuständig. Sie war in acht Dezernate (IVd-1 bis IVd-7 sowie das Sonderdezernat IVd-8) gegliedert und stand unter der Leitung von Dr. Josef Radetzky in Wien 1., Bankgasse 2. Das Sonderdezernat IVd-8 war für die so genannte "Entjudung" des nichtlandwirtschaftlichen und nichtforstwirtschaftlichen Grundbesitzes sowie vorerst auch für die Sachschadenfeststellung zuständig. Nachdem es zunächst Franz Melcher unterstanden hatte, fungierte spätestens seit Mitte 1940 Dr. Paul Hönigl in Wien 1., Freyung 1, als Leiter.
Der Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau (staatliche Verwaltung), Dezernat Ia-10, Zl. 233/176 vom 16. Juni 1941. In diesem Schreiben des Reichsstatthalters an die Abteilungsleiter wurde die weitere Bearbeitung der Sachschädenfeststellung dem Leiter des Dezernates Z-5, Franz Melcher, zugewiesen.
-) Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich Nr. 103/26. April 1938, Kundmachung des Reichsstatthalters in Österreich, wodurch die Anordnung des Beauftragten für den Vierjahresplan auf Grund der Verordnung über die Anmeldung des Vermögens von Juden vom 26. April 1938 bekannt gemacht wird. Mittels der Vermögensverzeichnisse trachtete das NS-Regime einen ersten Überblick über Ausmaß und Zusammensetzung des gesamten in- und ausländischen Vermögens von Juden und Jüdinnen in Österreich zu erlangen. Anmeldepflichtig waren sämtliche inländische Personen in Niederösterreich, die nach den "Nürnberger Rassengesetzen" von 1935 als Juden galten oder mit Juden oder Jüdinnen verheiratet waren und deren Vermögen im In- und Ausland den Betrag von 5000 Reichsmark (das waren damals 7500 öS) überstieg. Die Anmeldung hatte nach einer Verlängerung der Frist bis spätestens 31. Juli 1938 zu erfolgen. Die Unterlassung der Anmeldung oder Falschangaben waren unter strenge Strafe gestellt; an Sanktionen wurden Geldstrafen, Gefängnis, aber auch Einziehung des Vermögens angedroht.
-) Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich Nr. 150/27. Mai 1938, Kundmachung des Reichsstatthalters in Österreich, wodurch die Verordnung über die Einführung der Nürnberger Rassengesetze im Lande Österreich vom 20. Mai 1938 bekannt gemacht wird.
-) Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich Nr. 633/6. Dezember 1938, Kundmachung des Reichsstatthalters in Österreich, wodurch die Verordnung über den Einsatz des jüdischen Vermögens vom 3. Dezember 1938 bekannt gemacht wird. Die so genannte "Einsatzverordnung" regelte die Zwangsveräußerung oder Zwangsliquidierung jüdischen Besitzes und bedeutete eine wesentliche Verschärfung der "Arisierungsgesetzgebung". Sie ermöglichte es, Juden den Auftrag zu erteilen, ihr Vermögen innerhalb sehr kurzer Fristen (oft nur zwei Wochen) zu veräußern. Im Weigerungsfall konnte nunmehr ein Treuhänder eingesetzt werden, welcher den Verkauf in die Wege leitete. Darüber hinaus verfügte die "Einsatzverordnung" auch die Abtrennung der "Arisierung" im Bereich der Land- und Forstwirtschaft von der "Entjudung" der übrigen Wirtschaftsbereiche. Zuständig war damit nicht mehr die Vermögensverkehrsstelle, sondern die Obere Siedlungsbehörde im Ministerium für Landwirtschaft.
-) Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich Nr. 500/21. April 1939, Kundmachung des Reichsstatthalters in Österreich, wodurch das Gesetz über den Aufbau der Verwaltung in der Ostmark (Ostmarkgesetz) vom 14. April 1939 bekannt gemacht wird. Dieses Gesetz trat schrittweise in Kraft und war erst mit dem 1. April 1940 vollends umgesetzt worden. Es bewirkte die endgültige Beseitigung Österreichs als eigenständiges Rechtssubjekt und schuf die Grundlage für die Überleitung der Kompetenzen der österreichischen Zentralbehörden (der Ministerien) auf die Reichsstatthalter der jeweiligen Reichsgaue sowie auch auf die Reichsbehörden in Berlin. Auch die zentrale Vermögensverkehrsstelle in Wien gab nun ihre Kompetenzen an die Reichsgaue ab.
-) Gesetzblatt für das Land Österreich Nr. 1426, Anordnung über die Regelung der Zuständigkeit im Entjudungsverfahren in der Ostmark vom 15. November 1939. Die weitere Durchführung der "Arisierung" in Niederdonau wurde nun zur Gänze dem Reichsstatthalter übertragen. Die Niederdonau betreffenden Vermögensanmeldungen wurden der bei der Landeshauptmannschaft Niederdonau eingerichteten "Dienststelle für Vermögensverkehr" abgetreten, und deren Agenden wurden im Frühjahr 1940 vom neu geschaffenen Sonderdezernat IVd-8 übernommen.
-) Reichsgesetzblatt, Teil I, Nr. 133/26. November 1941, Elfte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz vom 25.11.1941. Diese Bestimmung bedeutete eine abermalige Radikalisierung der "Entjudungsvorgänge". Sie besagte, dass das Vermögen sämtlicher Juden deutscher Staatsangehörigkeit, die ins Ausland geflohen oder in die Konzentrationslager und Ghettos in den besetzten Gebieten deportiert worden waren, zugunsten des Deutschen Reichs verfällt. Für diese "Arisierungsfälle" waren nun nicht mehr die "Arisierungsbehörden" bei den jeweiligen Reichsstatthaltern zuständig (in Niederdonau: Obere Siedlungsbehörde, Sonderdezernat IVd-8), sondern die jeweiligen Oberfinanzpräsidenten (in Niederdonau: der Oberfinanzpräsident Wien-Niederdonau).
-) Reichsgesetzblatt, Teil I, Nr. 64/2. Juli 1943, Dreizehnte Verordnung zum Reichsbürgergesetz vom 1. Juli 1943. Diese Verordnung bestimmte u.a., dass das gesamte Vermögen von Juden und Jüdinnen nach deren Tod an das Deutsche Reich verfiel und legalisierte den totalen Vermögensentzug der jüdischen Bevölkerung, die sich allenfalls noch im Deutschen Reich befand.

Bestandsgeschichte:
Der Bestand wurde dem NÖ Landesarchiv 1989 von der Zentralregistratur des Amtes der NÖ Landesregierung übergeben.

Bestandsbeschreibung:
Der Bestand umfasst die Vermögensanmeldungen von knapp über 3.000 Personen. Nicht alle Anmeldungen stammen jedoch aus Niederösterreich. Enthalten sind auch die Vermögensanmeldungen aus den zum Reichsgau Niederdonau zählenden südmährischen Landkreisen (Neubistritz, Znaim und Nikolsburg), teils auch aus den dem Gau Groß-Wien zugeschlagenen ehemals niederösterreichischen Randgemeinden sowie überraschenderweise auch Anmeldungen aus Tirol und teils aus Vorarlberg, relativ zahlreich auch aus Brünn, vereinzelt auch aus Prag. Aus dem Nordburgenland finden sich dagegen kaum Akten. Anmeldungen vorgenommen haben überdies auch Personen, deren Vermögen unter der gesetzlich definierten Grenze von 5.000 Reichsmark lag. Laut Walter Baumgartner und Robert Streibel, die u.a. die Vermögensanmeldungen von 12 niederösterreichischen Städten untersucht haben (Juden in Niederösterreich, 2004, S. 22), stammten mehr als ein Fünftel der Anmeldungen von Personen, die gar nicht anmeldepflichtig gewesen seien.
Die Akten des Bestandes "Vermögensanmeldungen" sind nach den Familiennamen der Anmeldenden alphabetisch geordnet. Ein eigenes Ortsverzeichnis existiert nicht, jedoch sind in einem Nachschlagebuch neben den Namen auch die Wohnorte der Anmeldenden verzeichnet. Um etwa alle Namen der ihr Vermögen anmeldenden Juden einer bestimmten Ortschaft zu eruieren, muss daher das gesamte Nachschlagebuch durchgesehen werden.
Die Akten bestehen aus den ausgefüllten Formularen, denen vielfach verschiedene Zusatzblätter angefügt wurden. Die Formulare selbst enthalten einige wenige biographische Eckdaten über die Person der Anmeldenden, vor allem aber Informationen über deren Vermögen, gegliedert nach (I.) Land- und Forstwirtschaft, (II.) Grundvermögen, (III.) Betriebsvermögen, (IV.) sonstiges Vermögen, insbesondere Kapitalvermögen, sowie (V.) Abzugsposten vom Vermögen, soweit sie nicht das Betriebsvermögen betrafen. Die Zusatzblätter umfassen zumeist detailliertere Aufstellungen der einzelnen Vermögensangaben, Schuldner- und Gläubigerverzeichnisse, Anzeigen über Veränderungen des Vermögens in der Zeit nach der Anmeldung, Angaben über den Aufenthaltsort nach der Vertreibung u.a.m.
Quellenkritisch ist zu ergänzen, dass die Angaben in den Anmeldungen keine zuverlässigen Rückschlüsse auf die tatsächlichen Vermögensverhältnisse der jüdischen Bevölkerung in Niederösterreich zulassen. Obwohl Falschangaben unter Strafe gestellt waren, sind vor dem Hintergrund der Unkenntnis über den Zweck dieser Vermögensanmeldungen unvollständige oder auch überhöhte Angaben in den Anmeldungen nicht auszuschließen.
Neben den Vermögensanmeldungen verwaltete und produzierte das Sonderdezernat IVd-8 auch noch die so genannten "Arisierungsakten". Diese wurden nach dem Zusammenbruch der NS-Herrschaft von dem für Rückstellungen zuständigen Landesamt IX/5 aufgearbeitet und geordnet und finden sich daher unter Punkt 03. Amt der NÖ Landesregierung und Landtag ab 1945.

Findmittel:
Nachschlagebuch

Zitat: NÖ Landesarchiv (NÖLA), Der Reichsstatthalter in Niederdonau (RStH ND) (staatliche Verwaltung), Sonderdezernat IVd-8, Vermögensanmeldung von Name, Wohnort, vom Datum.

Literatur:
Christoph Lind, "Der letzte Jude hat den Tempel verlassen". Juden in Niederösterreich 1938-1945, Wien 2004.
Walter Baumgartner, Robert Streibel, Juden in Niederösterreich. "Arisierungen" und Rückstellungen in den Städten Amstetten, Baden, Hollabrunn, Horn, Korneuburg, Krems, Neunkirchen, St. Pölten, Stockerau, Tulln, Waidhofen an der Thaya und Wiener Neustadt, Wien/München 2004 (Veröffentlichungen der Österreichischen Historikerkommission. Vermögensentzug während der NS-Zeit sowie Rückstellungen und Entschädigungen seit 1945 in Österreich; Bd. 18)

Stefan Eminger, im August 2010

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This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, ShareAlike (BY-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak and build upon the licensed object, even for commercial purposes, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, No Derivates (BY-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object, even commercially, as long as no alteration is made to the object and you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial (BY-NC) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, ShareAlike (BY-NC-SA) licence. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the licensed object for non-commercial use only, as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence, and as long as you license your adaptations of the object under the same terms.

This object is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivates (BY-NC-ND) licence. You can copy and redistribute the object for non-commercial use only, as long as no alteration is made to the object and as long as you attribute the rights holder as described in the licence.

If you remix, transform or build upon the object, you may not distribute the modified material.

This object is in the public domain, but has been digitised as the outcome of a public-private partnership, where the terms of the contractual agreement limit commercial use for a certain period of time. You can copy, redistribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the object for non-commercial use only.

This object has been identified as an Orphan Work in the country of first publication and in line with the requirements of the national law implementing Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

This object is in the public domain, but is subject to known legal restrictions other than copyright which prevent its free re-use. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

This object is currently in copyright. Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for re-use.

The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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