7 décembre 1886
10 octobre 1958
Eugène Georges Chaillé est né à Paris (Xe arrondissement) le 7 décembre 1886. Ses parents décèdent de la tuberculose et il devient pupille de La Ville de Paris à huit ans. Apprenti à l’École Diderot, Eugène Chaillé obtient la certification d’ajusteur-mécanicien en 1903. Il devient par la suite ouvrier-tourneur sur métaux. En sa qualité d’ouvrier, il passe le concours aménagé d’inspecteur du Travail auquel il est reçu 3ᵉ le 30 avril 1914.
Il est mobilisé en août 1914, et est affecté au 5ᵉ génie en qualité de Maréchal des logis. Puis, en 1915, il est détaché à l’inspection des forges de Paris en tant qu’aide-contrôleur.
Après la guerre, il exerce en tant qu’inspecteur du Travail à Pau, de 1919 à 1924. Il est ensuite nommé à Suresnes, où réside sa famille. Eugène Chaillé est en charge des quartiers d’Auteuil, de la Muette et du canton de Boulogne-Billancourt, site de plusieurs usines dont Renault. L’inspecteur divisionnaire de sa section lui confie le contrôle de l’hygiène publique des établissements. En 1928, il devient inspecteur du Travail hors classe (1er échelon). Pendant l’année 1934, il est détaché un jour par semaine à la Commission du Travail à la Chambre des députés.
En 1935, Eugène Chaillé devient le chef-adjoint de cabinet du ministre du Travail, Ludovic-Oscar Frossard (1er juin 1935 – 4 juin 1936). Pendant le gouvernement du Front populaire, sur demande de Léon Blum, il conserve son poste au sein du cabinet du nouveau ministre du Travail Jean-Baptiste Lebas (4 juin 1936-21 juin 1937). Au sein du cabinet, il est en charge d’effectuer des rapports de situation permettant d’élaborer la réglementation. Ces rapports sur le droit du travail et son application permettent la préparation des « Accords de Matignon » du 7 juin 1936. Il participe aussi activement à l’arbitrage des conflits sociaux.
En 1937 est créé le grade d’Inspecteur général du Travail, et Eugène Chaillé est nommé à cette fonction. Placé sous l’autorité du Directeur du Travail et du Directeur du Personnel, l’Inspecteur général du Travail a un rôle de chef de corps. La même année il est promu Officier de la Légion d’honneur en reconnaissance de son rôle important de médiateur dans les conflits résultant de l’application des conventions collectives (loi du 24 juin 1936).
En juin 1937, il devient directeur de cabinet d’André Février (juin 1937-juillet 1938). Il exerce en qualité de conseiller technique pour les ministres du Travail Paul Ramadier (12 avril–23 août 1938), Albert Sérol (13 mars-8 avril 1938) et de Charles Pomaret (27 juin–12 juillet 1940).
En 1939, Eugène Chaillé occupe également la fonction de Directeur du service de la formation professionnelle dans les industries de guerre.
Après le 10 juillet 1940, il conserve son poste d’inspecteur général du Travail pendant toute la période de la guerre sous les ministres du Travail René Belin (1940-avril 1942), Hubert Lagardelle (avril 1942–novembre 1943) et Marcel Déat (16 mars 1944 –19 août 1944). En parallèle, il rejoint le réseau Libération Nord. Dans la clandestinité, il participe à la reconstitution de la Fédération générale des fonctionnaires avec Robert Lacoste et Neuyemer. Le 1er août 1944, il est mis en retraite d’office à la demande de Marcel Déat. Toutefois, le 22 août il est officiellement désigné par le Comité français de libération nationale (CFLN), basé à Alger, en tant que Directeur provisoire du Travail après la Libération. Il fait partie d’une délégation pour le ministère du Travail du gouvernement provisoire composée, entre autres, de Louis Saillant, Fernand Samson et Pierre Bideberry.
Suite aux réorganisations du ministère du Travail et de la Sécurité sociale, le ministre Ambroise Croizat (21 novembre 1945–16 décembre 1946) met fin à ses fonctions temporaires de directeur du Travail. Il est remplacé par Edouard Lambert en tant qu’inspecteur général du Travail et de la main d’œuvre en 1947. Il rentre alors en conflit avec le ministère pour conserver son poste d’inspecteur général du Travail et éviter une mise en retraite d’office. Il est décidé d’un détachement de 1946 à 1948 au ministère de la France d’Outre-mer. Pendant ce détachement, il rédige des ébauches et réflexions sur le code du travail de la France d’Outre-mer.
En avril 1948, Daniel Mayer, nouveau ministre du Travail et de la Sécurité sociale (9 mai 1947–28 octobre 1949) met fin à son détachement et le réintègre à l’inspection générale du Travail et de la main d’œuvre. Daniel Mayer, affecte Edouard Lambert à la Direction du Travail. Cette même année, il est promu au grade de commandeur de la Légion d’honneur.
En novembre 1957, il prend sa retraite de l’inspection générale du Travail et reçoit l’honorariat en tant qu’inspecteur du Travail.
Son parcours professionnel rejoint son parcours de militant syndical et partisan. En effet, Eugène Chaillé rejoint, dès 1903, l’Union corporatiste des ouvriers métallurgiques de la Seine, affilié à la Confédération générale du travail (CGT). En parallèle de son travail en usine, il adhère au Parti ouvrier français, puis, en 1905, à la Section française de l’Internationale ouvrière (SFIO). En 1912, il est candidat aux élections municipales de Paris pour la SFIO dans le quartier de Saint-Vincent de Paul. Puis, en 1924, il est sur la liste de la 1ʳᵉ Section de la Seine du cartel des gauches.
Eugène Chaillé s’investit également dans l’Amicale des Inspecteurs du Travail dont il est membre du Conseil d’Administration en 1921, jusqu’à la création du Syndicat national des Inspecteurs du Travail (SNIT-CGT). Au sein de ce syndicat il est, de 1932 à 1936, membre de la commission administrative.
Il s’engage localement en étant Secrétaire de la section du SNIT-CGT de Suresnes mais également en siégeant à la Commission d’administration, de documentation et des finances de la fédération SFIO de la Seine.
Par ailleurs, il s’investit dans les questions relatives au droit du travail au sein du journal de la SFIO Le Populaire, dans lequel il siège au Comité d’administration.
Dans le cadre de son activité militante, il rencontre Albert Thomas et surtout Charles Picquenard, chef de cabinet du ministre du Travail pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale. Ces activités le mèneront à travailler avec des ministres qu’il a côtoyés au sein de ses engagements militants.
Il décède le 10 octobre 1958 à Suresnes.
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