1876
1880
I. L’organisation
L’administration de l’Exposition est partagée en six grandes directions :
Le commissariat général, comprenant tous les services d’ensemble qui ne sont pas rattachés à l’une des directions : correspondance générale, comptes rendus et rapports, comptabilité, archives, catalogue, etc.
La direction des travaux, embrassant la construction, l’installation et l’entretien des bâtiments, l’aménagement des parcs et jardins, la remise en état du Champ de Mars et du Trocadéro et le service médical des chantiers.
La direction de la section française, chargée de suivre le détail des rapports du commissariat général avec les exposants français autres que ceux des beaux-arts et de l’agriculture.
La direction des sections étrangères, destinée à centraliser les questions concernant les exposants étrangers et les relations du commissariat général avec leurs représentants autorisés.
La direction des beaux-arts, dont l’action s’étend sur tous les artistes, français ou étrangers.
La direction de l’agriculture, ayant pour mission d’organiser les expositions comprenant les produits et les procédés de l’agriculture proprement dite, de l’horticulture et de la pisciculture.
Toutes les affaires relatives à l’Exposition ne pouvant pas être rattachées à ces sections, d’autres directions son créées. En effet, peu de jours après cette première organisation, le commissaire général propose d’ériger en direction spéciale le service chargé des expositions temporaires d’animaux vivants (rapport du 30 août 1876).
II. Le personnel
Commissariat général
Commissaire général :
J.-B. Krantz
Cabinet :
C. Krantz, chef de cabinet
T. Morin, chef adjoint du cabinet
M. Gérard, attaché
M.Majoux, attaché
M. Desmoulins, rédacteur
Comptabilité et matériel, contentieux :
M. Allain-Launay, inspecteur des finances chargé de la comptabilité et du contrôle
M. Schoeffel, régisseur
M. Ferlin, vérificateur
M. Escali, chef du matériel
M. Goujon, avocat chargé du contentieux
Catalogue :
M. Dheu, chef du service
M. Quesnot, sous-chef
Entrées :
Ch. Ladreit de Lacharrière, secrétaire du Commissariat général, chef du service
M. Thurneyssen, sous-chef
M. Lucas, attaché
Manutention :
M. Bureau, chef de service
Direction des travaux
Directeur :
M. Duval
Service central :
Service général
M. Vallière, ingénieur, chef de service
M. Pieuchot, chef comptable, régisseur
Études et contrôle des constructions métalliques
M. Parent, ingénieur, chef du service du contrôle
Mise en mouvement des machines
M. Lecoeuvre, ingénieur, chef de service
M. Debize, ingénieur en chef des manufactures de l’État, chef de service adjoint
Eau et gaz
M. Barois, ingénieur des ponts et chaussées, chef de service
Palais du Champ de Mars et dépendances :
Service d’architecture
M. Hardy, architecte, chef de service
M. Picq, architecte, inspecteur
M. Mimey, architecte, inspecteur
M. Gouny, architecte, inspecteur
M. Charbonnier, architecte, sous-inspecteur
Service de la construction
M. Houberdon, ingénieur, chef de service
M. Belbèze, conducteur principal
Palais du Trocadéro et dépendances :
Service d’architecture
M. Davioud, architecte, chef de service
M. Bourdais, architecte, chef de service
M. Raulin, architecte, inspecteur
M. Bérard, architecte, sous-inspecteur
M. Métivier, architecte, sous-inspecteur
M. Pochet, architecte, sous-inspecteur
M. Harant, architecte, sous-inspecteur
Service de la construction
M. Causel, ingénieur, chef de service
M. Planche, sous-ingénieur
M. Suréda, conducteur
Travaux divers :
Bâtiment de la ville de Paris
M. Bouvard, architecte
M. Gravigny, inspecteur
Service médical
M. Ladreit de Lacharrière, médecin en chef
M. Venet, médecin
M. Audigé, médecin
M. Testaud, médecin
Direction de la section française
M. Dietz-Monin, directeur
M. Giroud, sous-directeur
M. Fallois (de), chef de groupe
M. Lix, chef de groupe
M. Lockert, chef de groupe
M. Massue (de la), chef de groupe
M. Vincent, chef de la correspondance
M. Crépinet, architecte
Direction des sections étrangères
M. Berger, directeur
Ch. Vergé, chef de service
M. Codrika (de), rédacteur
M. Géry, attaché
M. Jamain, attaché
M. Ballu, attaché
H. Vergé, attaché
M. Melchior, archiviste
M. Étienne, architecte
E. L’Épine (auditions musicales)
Section de l’agriculture
M. Tisserand, directeur
M. Hardy, chef de groupe
M. Focillon, chef de groupe
M. Blanchère (de la), chef de groupe
M. Cabaret, régisseur
M. Joigneaux, attaché
M. Chevalier, chef des travaux du parc
M. Huart, attaché
Section des animaux vivants
Espèces bovine, ovine, porcine, galline et canine :
M. Porlier, directeur
Espèce chevaline :
M. Dutaya (le baron), directeur
M. Beauvert (de), chef de service
M. Colin, sous-chef de service
Section de l’art ancien
M. Longpérier (de), directeur
M. Schlumberger, secrétaire général
M. Bertera, attaché
M. Marulaz, inspecteur
Section des beaux-arts
M. Chennevières (de), directeur
M. Guillaume, membre de l’Institut, directeur
Divers
Aquarium d’eau douce :
M. Gauckler, ingénieur en chef des ponts et chaussées
M. Carbonnier, conservateur
Aquarium d’eau de mer :
M. Meynier, inspecteur des pêches
Entrées :
M. Nicolle, agent comptable
M. Chardin, contrôleur en chef
M. Châtelain, sous-contrôleur
M. Mourguès, sous-contrôleur
M. Millochau, sous-contrôleur
Police :
Champ de Mars
M. Lalmand, officier de paix
M. Gavrelle, officier de paix
Trocadéro
M. Dupouy, officier de paix
Postes :
M. Musard, receveur des Postes et Télégraphes
Douanes :
M. Desgranges, sous-inspecteur, chef de service
Octroi :
M. Grodet, inspecteur, chef du service
L'exposition universelle de 1878 est la troisième Exposition universelle de Paris.
En 1876, alors que la France sort à peine de la période de réorganisation qui suit les désastres de la guerre, le gouvernement décide que Paris sera une nouvelle fois le théâtre d'une Exposition universelle. Par cette initiative, le gouverment souhaite affirmer à la fois sa confiance dans les forces du pays et sa volonté de chercher dans une politique nouvelle le moyen de relever la France.
Au début du mois d’avril 1876, deux décrets du Président de la République annoncent qu’une Exposition universelle de l’agriculture, de l’industrie et des beaux-arts s’ouvrira à Paris le 1er mai 1878 et prendra fin le 31 octobre de la même année.
Le décret du 4 avril vise exclusivement les produits agricoles et industriels. Le décret du 13 avril, rendu sur la proposition du ministre de l’Instruction publique, étend aux beaux-arts le bénéfice des dispositions prises en faveur de l’agriculture et de l’industrie.
Le 26 juin 1876, le ministre de l’Agriculture et du Commerce, au nom du Président de la République, dépose à la Chambre des députés le projet de loi relatif à l’Exposition. Le 14 juillet, le projet soumis à la Chambre est approuvé à l’unanimité, puis transmis au Sénat. Le 26 juillet, la loi est votée sans aucune opposition et promulguée le 29 juillet suivant.
Dès le 5 août 1876, le commissaire général est nommé et l'administration de l'Exposition définie dans le Rapport adressé au ministre de l'Agriculture et du Commerce le 28 août de la même année.
Ayant souffert d’un certain retard au départ, des rumeurs quant à une prorogation éventuelle circulent dès le mois de septembre 1878. Suite au report de la cérémonie de distribution des récompenses au 21 octobre (initialement prévue le 18 septembre) et aux demandes d’un grand nombre d’exposants français et étrangers désireux d'écouler une partie de leurs produits, le gouvernement consent à repousser au 10 novembre la date de clôture de l'Exposition. Cette décision est portée à la connaissance des intéressés le 10 octobre 1878.
La liquidation de l’Exposition prend fin en 1880. La réexpédition des produits est terminée dès janvier 1879. Ainsi, la plus grande partie des services placés sous les ordres du commissaire général sont supprimés dès cette époque. Le directeur des travaux reste seul en fonction puisque sa tâche, qui comprend la liquidation des entreprises, est loin d’être accomplie. En effet, cette liquidation laborieuse, tant à cause du grand nombre de traités conclus que de l’importance de certains d’entre eux, occupe toute l’année 1879 et une grande partie de 1880.
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