26/12/1940
19/12/1956
Direction des moyens de production agricole
Direction de la production et de l’approvisionnement en produits animaux
Direction de la production agricole
Direction de la production agricole
France. Ministère de l’Agriculture. Direction de la production agricole (1940-1956)
Loi du 27 décembre 1940 modifiant la loi du 20 août 1940 sur l’organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture et du ravitaillement ainsi que la loi du 10 septembre 1940 relative au recrutement et à l’avancement des fonctionnaires de l’administration centrale et des divers services du ministère de l’Agriculture
Pendant toute la durée de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le gouvernement organise la production agricole et en prépare la mobilisation et la distribution dans un contexte de désorganisation des cultures et de l’élevage, ces actions étant compliquées par la réquisition des denrées par les forces occupantes. Le recensement des denrées, l’achat et la collecte de certains produits agricoles, et leur redistribution aux départements déficitaires est également du ressort de l’Etat par l’intervention de structures locales comme les directions des services agricoles ou les directions régionales de production agricoles.
L’après-guerre est marquée par d’importantes difficultés d’approvisionnement en produits alimentaires. En effet, la France a perdu un grand nombre de ses exploitations agricoles (200 000 d’entre elles sont partiellement ou totalement détruites) et de ses surfaces cultivables (2 millions d’hectares). En 1945, le niveau de production représente 66 % de ce qu’il était entre 1934 et 1938. Le gouvernement axe donc sa politique sur la reconstitution de ses capacités de production alimentaire et le rationnement est supprimé en 1949. La politique agricole se tourne ensuite vers le développement des échanges internationaux dans le contexte de la construction européenne et de la progression de la mondialisation.
La direction de la production agricole, créée par la loi du 26 décembre 1940 sur l’organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement est issue du démantèlement de la direction de l’Agriculture créée par le décret du 25 mai 1938 portant organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture. En effet, la direction de la production agricole reprend les fonctions de l’ancienne sous-direction des services économiques, de l’ancien office de renseignements agricoles et des anciens services extérieurs rattachés à la sous-direction des affaires économiques comme le service de la viande et du lait ou encore le service des céréales.
Le rôle de la direction de la production agricole est d’orienter, d’organiser et de réglementer la production agricole française et ses marchés afférents.
En outre, elle a pour mission d’améliorer la production et la condition paysanne par la vulgarisation de nouvelles techniques, la mise à disposition de matériel et de produits (intrants, semences), l’organisation de concours, l’octroi de subventions ou encore le développement d’une politique de qualité et de normalisation.
L’arrêté du 6 juin 1942 pris en vertu de la loi du 29 mai 1942 relative à l’organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement scinde cette direction en trois entités : la direction de la production et de l’approvisionnement en produits végétaux, la direction de la production et de l’approvisionnement en produits animaux, et la direction des moyens de production agricole. Elles sont alors placées sous la tutelle du Secrétariat général à la production agricole.
Les modalités d’application de la loi du 10 novembre 1943 relative à l’organisation du ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement précisent l’organisation et les modalités de fonctionnement des différentes directions de production :
La direction de la production et de l’approvisionnement en produits végétaux : elle est constituée de la sous-direction des productions végétales consommables en l’état et de la sous-direction des cultures industrielles, industrie agricoles et boissons ;
La sous-direction des productions animales, qui s’organise avec la sous-direction de l’élevage, de la production laitière et des viandes, de la sous-direction des corps gras et du service des haras ;
La direction des moyens de production agricole qui est composée du bureau dédié au Groupement interprofessionnel de répartition des produits indispensables à l’agriculture (GIRPIA) ainsi qu’aux aliments du bétail, du bureau attaché aux questions des matières premières industrielles, du bureau fourrages, du bureau semences, et de la sous-direction dédiée aux engrais et produits de traitement et du service de la protection des végétaux).
Ses directives sont relayées au niveau local par les directions régionales de production agricole et les directions des services agricoles (échelon départemental), ces directions locales ayant à leur charge la remontée à l’administration centrale des informations relatives au volume et à la qualité des denrées produites.
En 1945, il est recréé une direction de la production agricole unifiée qui s’articule en un bureau des études générales, un service de la production animale (orientation, organisation et réglementation de la production des animaux d’élevage, de la production laitière et de la viande) et un service de la production végétale (sélection des variétés, techniques de cultures, de stockage, accords interprofessionnels, réglementation des engrais, pesticides, répartition des moyens de production, etc). Elle est alors placée au sein du secrétariat général à l’Agriculture.
L’après-guerre étant marquée par d’importantes difficultés d’approvisionnement en produits alimentaires, le gouvernement met l’accent sur la reconstitution des capacités de production agricoles en étoffant la direction de la production agricole par la sous-direction de l’organisation et de l’orientation de la production agricole. Cette dernière est chargée d’établir les buts à atteindre et les moyens à mettre en œuvre ainsi que d’édicter des normes de qualité des produits. En 1948, cette sous-direction est légèrement modifiée par l’intégration d’un bureau dédié à l’organisation professionnelle et interprofessionnelle ainsi que des questions portant sur les départements d’Outre-mer. La direction de la production agricole est alors rattachée directement au ministre.
En 1951, alors que les problématiques d’approvisionnement ont disparu, la direction est remodelée et considérablement agrandie pour répondre aux nouveaux enjeux industriels et internationaux avec l’adjonction de la sous-direction de l’enseignement, de la sous-direction des industries agricoles et alimentaires et de la sous-direction de la gestion des services extérieurs. Le service des haras, les services vétérinaires et le service de la protection des végétaux sont intégrés à la sous-direction de la production animale.
La sous-direction des relations extérieures chargée de la réglementation et de l’organisation des accords et des échanges commerciaux avec différents pays est créée dans la direction de la production agricole et ajoutée à la direction en 1953, toujours dans un contexte d’expansion des échanges internationaux.
Le décret n° 56-1288 du 19 décembre 1956 supprime la direction de la production agricole et redistribue ses fonctions dans les différents services de la direction générale de l’Agriculture, notamment le service des améliorations agricoles et la direction des études et du plan et la direction de l’enseignement. Les services vétérinaires sont également placés directement sous les ordres du secrétaire général à l’Agriculture.
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