24 janvier 1985
Trois missions principales sont dévolues à la section du Rapport et des études selon l’article R.123-5 du code de justice administrative et déjà affirmées en 1985 par l’article 6 du décret n° 85-90 :
La première de ces missions est l’élaboration de propositions que le Conseil d’État adresse aux pouvoirs publics ainsi que des études demandées par le Premier ministre ou à l’initiative du vice-président. Chaque année une étude annuelle est définie par le bureau du Conseil d’État, composé du vice-président et des présidents de section. Quant aux études demandées par le Premier ministre, dont le délai de réponse est plus court (trois à six mois en général), leur nombre varie selon les années. Ces études comportent des propositions dont la section assure un suivi avec le secrétariat général du gouvernement depuis 1985.
Cette section est également chargée de régler les difficultés relatives à l’exécution des décisions du Conseil d’État statuant au contentieux et des juridictions administratives. La section est chargée d’apporter des éclaircissements quant aux modalités d’exécution de la décision. Elle peut être également saisie par les requérants, après un délai de trois mois, si la décision arrêtée au contentieux ou dans les juridictions administratives n’a pas été exécutée. En 1990, le décret n° 90-400 permet à la section du Rapport et des études de décider si l’affaire doit être suivie par le Conseil d’État ou par les juridictions administratives. En 1995, ces dispositions sont accrues : la mission de résolution des problèmes d’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles est également confiée aux tribunaux administratifs et aux cours administratives d’appel. Les juridictions administratives doivent néanmoins rendre compte à la section du Rapport et des études des affaires relevant des difficultés d’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles.
La troisième mission consiste en la préparation du rapport d’activité annuel du Conseil d’État. Le rapport est soumis à la délibération du vice-président du Conseil d’État avec les présidents de section et est adopté par assemblée générale. Il est ensuite remis au président de la République. Ce rapport mentionne les réformes d’ordre législatif, réglementaire ou administratif sur lesquelles le Conseil d’État a appelé l’attention du Gouvernement. Il peut contenir des propositions nouvelles. Enfin, il signale, les difficultés rencontrées dans l’exécution des décisions du Conseil d’État statuant au contentieux et des juridictions administratives.
Ces trois missions sont héritées de la commission du Rapport et des études à laquelle la section a succédé.
À ces trois missions principales se sont ajoutées des missions de diffusion des travaux du Conseil d’État :
Par l’intermédiaire des délégations aux relations internationales (DRI) et au droit européen (DDE), depuis 1998, la section assure un rôle d’expertise, de veille juridique, d’échanges et de coopération.
La section, en partenariat avec les autres sections du Conseil d’État ou avec d’autres institutions, organise aussi les colloques et les conférences du Conseil d’État. Ces colloques s’inscrivent dans des cycles annuels ou pluriannuels.
En lien avec la mission précédente, la section du Rapport et des études assure le suivi des collections éditoriales du Conseil d’État.
La section alimente, avec la direction de la bibliothèque et des archives du Conseil d’État, la base de données ConsiliaWeb. Cette base permet de consulter les avis rendus par les formations consultatives du Conseil d’État.
Depuis 2015, la section du Rapport et des études organise tous les deux ans un prix de thèse en droit public.
Contrairement aux autres sections administratives du Conseil d’État, elle échappe à la répartition des affaires selon le département ministériel. Une autre particularité de cette section est la faculté d’autosaisine dont elle est la seule à être dotée au sein du Conseil d’État.
La section du Rapport et des études est composée d’un président de section, de deux conseillers d’État en service ordinaire chargés de suppléer le président de section en cas d’empêchement et d’un rapporteur général. Des maîtres des requêtes et des auditeurs peuvent être adjoints au rapporteur général de la section.
Le président de section est nommé dans ses fonctions par décret du président de la République. Le rapporteur général est un maître des requêtes désigné par le vice-président du Conseil d’État sur avis du président de la section. Il en est de même pour les conseillers d’État en service ordinaire chargés de suppléer le président de section en cas d’empêchement.
Le président de la section, le rapporteur général et les maîtres des requêtes et auditeurs qui lui sont adjoints sont uniquement affectés à la section du rapport et des études.
En 1985, les conseillers d’État en service ordinaire peuvent être affectés à une section administrative et à la section du Rapport et des études. Depuis 1989, ils peuvent être affectés à trois sections dont la section du Contentieux et la section du Rapport et des études.
Pour les études, la section fait souvent appel à des membres du Conseil d’État mais aussi à des représentants d’autres institutions afin de diversifier les points de vue.
Elle ne possède pas de salle qui lui est dédiée, contrairement aux autres sections administratives.
En 1997, le Conseil d’État crée une cellule de coopération internationale et, en 1998, une cellule du droit européen au sein de la section du Rapport et des études. Ces cellules sont devenues la délégation aux relations internationales et la délégation au droit européen.
En 2020, il existe trois délégations au sein de la section : la délégation à l’exécution des décisions de justice, la délégation aux relations internationales (DRI) et la délégation au droit européen (DDE). Ces deux dernières délégations assurent des actions d’expertise, de veille juridique, d’échanges et de coopération en soutien des relations européennes et internationales du Conseil d’État.
Les présidents successifs de la section du Rapport et des études sont :
Guy Braibant (1984-1992) ;
Jean-Michel Galabert (1992-1996) ;
Jean-François Thery (1996-2000) ;
Marie-Aimée Latournerie (2000-2002) ;
Jean-Michel Belorgey (2002-2009) ;
Olivier Schrameck (2009-2013) ;
Christian Vigouroux (2013-2014) ;
Maryvonne de Saint Pulgent (2014-2017) ;
Martine de Boisdeffre (depuis 2017).
La commission du Rapport et des études devient une section administrative par l’article 3 du décret n° 85-90 du 24 janvier 1985. Cet article fait de la section du Rapport et des études la cinquième section administrative du Conseil d’État.
Le passage du statut de commission à celui de section est justifié par la place importante qu’ont prise les études au sein du Conseil d’État. Le second motif de ce changement, plus officieux, est le retour de Guy Braibant au Conseil d’État après des fonctions importantes au cabinet du ministre des Transports, Charles Fiterman. Afin de lui permettre d’accéder au grade de président de section, la commission du Rapport et des études, qu’il préside depuis 1984, est érigée en section. Guy Braibant est ainsi le premier président de la section du Rapport et des études.
Les missions de la commission du Rapport et des études sont confiées à cette nouvelle section. À ces missions s’ajoute à partir de 1985 un suivi des propositions faites par le Conseil d’État suite aux études menées par la section. Quant au rapport annuel du Conseil d’État, préparé par la commission puis par la section du Rapport et des études, il devient public à partir de 1988.
En 1995, la mission de résolution des problèmes d’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles, jusqu’alors menée uniquement par la section, est également confiée aux tribunaux administratifs et aux cours administratives d’appel. La section du Rapport et des études examine alors moins de dossiers, mais les juridictions administratives doivent lui rendre des comptes concernant cette activité.
Avec la création en 2008 de la section administrative de l’Administration, la section du Rapport et des études devient la sixième section administrative du Conseil d’État.
Dès sa création, la section du Rapport et des études est considérée comme une section à part. Ceci est souligné par les rapports annuels dans lesquels son activité n’est présentée ni dans les activités consultatives ni dans les activités contentieuses, mais dans un chapitre qui est propre à la section.
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