30 juillet 1963
24 janvier 1985
France. Conseil d’État. Commission du Rapport et des études (1963-1985)
Deux missions principales sont confiées à la commission du Rapport en 1963 :
l’établissement d’un rapport annuel sur l’activité du Conseil d’État, faisant écho à la préconisation de l’article 24 de l’ordonnance du 31 juillet 1945 qui prévoyait que « le Conseil d’État peut, de sa propre initiative, appeler l’attention des pouvoirs publics sur les réformes d’ordre législatif, réglementaire ou administratif qui lui paraissent conformes à l’intérêt général ».
la résolution des problèmes d’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles. Cette mission est donnée par l’article 59 du décret du 30 juillet 1963. Le délai pour faire appel à la commission du Rapport est précisé 1976 par l’article 2 du décret n° 76-286. Ce délai est fixé à trois mois à compter de la date à laquelle une décision a été notifiée. Il peut être fait mention de ces affaires dans le rapport annuel du Conseil d’État. La loi du 16 juillet 1980 permet à la section du Contentieux, lorsqu’elle est saisie d’une demande d’astreinte, de communiquer le dossier à la commission du Rapport et des études. Le décret n° 81-501 apporte des précisions sur les astreintes.
À partir de 1975, par l’article 3 du décret n°75-791, la commission du Rapport et des études se voit également confier la mission de procéder à des études à la demande du Premier ministre ou à l’initiative du vice-président du Conseil d’État. Ces études sont adoptées, après examen des sections compétentes, par la commission ou par l’assemblée générale. Dès 1978, les études sont séparées du rapport afin de les adresser au Gouvernement dès leur adoption.
À partir de 1975 toujours (décret n° 75-791, article 2), les présidents des sections administratives et de la section du Contentieux, les présidents adjoints des sections administratives et les présidents des sous-sections du Contentieux peuvent être affectés à la commission du Rapport et des études en parallèle de leur fonction au sein de leur section. En outre, le président et le rapporteur général de la commission du Rapport et des études ne peuvent être affectés qu’à cette commission. Il en va de même pour les maîtres des requêtes et auditeurs désignés comme adjoints du rapporteur général de la commission du Rapport et des études qui ne peuvent être affectés qu’à cette commission.
Cinq présidents se sont succédés à la tête de la commission du Rapport puis de la commission du Rapport et des études du Conseil d’État :
Jean Hourticq (1963-1970) ;
Roland Cadet (1970-1978) ;
Bernard Tricot (1978-1980) ;
Francis de Baecque (1980-1984) ;
Guy Braibant (1984-1992), devenu président de la section du Rapport et des études.
La commission du Rapport est créée par les décrets de juillet 1963 réformant l’organisation du Conseil d’État. Ces décrets reprennent les propositions faites par la commission Noël chargée de proposer une réforme du Conseil d’État. La proposition 12 de la commission Noël est la création d’une commission du Rapport chargée de fournir un rapport annuel du Conseil d’État au Gouvernement. Ce rapport doit permettre de montrer les avancées et les problèmes de jurisprudence. Depuis l’ordonnance du 31 octobre 1945, le Conseil d’État peut de « sa propre initiative, appeler l'attention des pouvoirs publics sur les réformes d'ordre législatif, réglementaire ou administratif qui lui paraissent conformes à l'intérêt général ». La création d’une commission du Rapport en 1963 offre donc un support, le rapport annuel, à cette possibilité jusqu’alors peu utilisée. La commission du Rapport a également pour mission d’améliorer l’exécution des décisions de justice.
Dès 1969, la commission réalise des études, mais ce n’est que par le décret du 26 août 1975 que l’attribution des études est faite à cette commission. Elle devient alors la commission du Rapport et des études. Les études communiquées au Gouvernement sont approuvées par l’assemblée générale jusqu’en 1978. À partir de cette date, seules les études les plus importantes et celles qui pourraient affecter le fonctionnement du Conseil d’État doivent être approuvées par l’assemblée générale.
Le décret du 26 août 1975 rehausse la place de la commission jusqu’au rang des sections du Conseil d’État. Ainsi, la commission du Rapport et des études peut à partir de 1975 faire partie des sections administratives réunies pour une affaire déterminée. Le président de la commission du Rapport et des études est placé au même rang que les présidents de section au sein de la commission consultative. Le décret de 1975 ajoute la présence du président de la commission du Rapport et des études à l’assemblée générale du Conseil d’État et prévoit que la commission soit représentée par trois membres, comme toutes les sections administratives.
L’année 1975 est aussi marquée par le fait que la partie du rapport du Conseil d’État relative à l’exécution des décisions juridictionnelles est rendue publique par le Gouvernement.
Un arrêté du vice-président du Conseil d’État daté du 5 mars 1976 permet aux formations consultatives et contentieuses de saisir la commission du Rapport et des études d’une difficulté pouvant donner lieu à une réforme. Ce même arrêté détermine la période du rapport annuel et la date limite de son adoption par l’assemblée générale.
Par le décret n° 85-90 du 24 janvier 1985, la commission du Rapport et des études devient la section du Rapport et des études.
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