14/11/1881
16/11/1917
Le ministère est d’emblée constitué, à côté du cabinet du ministre, de cinq divisions : d’une part celle, fonctionnelle, correspondant au service d’administration centrale et du personnel, comprenant le secrétariat et le bureau du personnel ainsi que la division de la comptabilité ; et d’autre part les directions de l’Agriculture (chargée de l’enseignement et des institutions agricoles et vétérinaires, des subventions, des statistiques et de l’encadrement de l’agriculture ainsi que de la législation rurale), des Haras (responsable des haras et de l’ensemble de l’industrie chevaline), de l’Hydraulique agricole (dédiée à la gestion des cours d’eau non navigables, de l’irrigation, des travaux de dessèchement ainsi que de l’amélioration agricole) et des Forêts (dédiée à la sylviculture et à son enseignement, aux reboisements, aux défrichements ainsi qu’aux contentieux forestiers), ces deux dernières restant d’abord distinctes malgré la transformation, par le décret du 21 octobre 1898, de la direction des Forêts en direction des Eaux et Forêts.
S’y ajoutent, avec le décret du 9 février 1904 mis en application par l’article 61 de la loi de finances du 22 avril 1905, un service du Crédit mutuel et de la Coopération agricoles puis, à partir du décret du 21 octobre 1911, une direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes, tandis que le même décret rattache finalement l’Hydraulique agricole à la direction des Eaux et Forêts.
Enfin, le décret du 13 janvier 1914 rattache directement au cabinet du ministre les attributions de la direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité.
Journal officiel, 26 novembre 1881
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Division du Secrétariat et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Administration des Forêts
Division de l’Hydraulique agricole
Direction des Haras
Journal officiel, 22 octobre 1898
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction des Eaux et Forêts
Direction de l’Hydraulique agricole
Direction des Haras
Journal officiel, 1er novembre 1899
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction des Eaux et Forêts
Direction de l’Hydraulique agricole
Direction des Haras
Journal officiel, 19 mai 1909
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Agriculture
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction de l’hydraulique et des Améliorations agricoles
Direction des Haras
Service de la Répression des fraudes
Service du Crédit mutuel et de la Coopération agricoles
Journal officiel, 27 octobre 1911
Ministère de l’Agriculture
Cabinet du ministre
Direction du Secrétariat, du Personnel central et de la Comptabilité
Direction de l’Enseignement et des Services agricoles
Direction générale des Eaux et Forêts
Direction des Haras
Direction des Services sanitaires et scientifiques et de la Répression des fraudes
Service du Crédit, de la Coopération et de la Mutualité agricoles
La dissociation des portefeuilles ministériels du commerce d’une part et de l’agriculture d’autre part entraîne la création, par le décret du 14 novembre 1881, d’un ministère de l’Agriculture autonome.
Parmi ses grandes orientations, le ministère entend notamment renforcer ses liens avec les syndicats et, à travers eux, agir plus directement sur le monde agricole, en dédiant d’emblée le bureau de la Législation agricole de la direction de l’Agriculture à ces questions. C’est ce développement de l’action syndicale qui amène par la suite l’institution du crédit agricole mutuel, organisé par les lois du 5 mars 1894 et du 31 mars 1899, et contrôlé par ce même bureau. L’importance croissante de ce domaine amène à rattacher le service des Caisses régionales de crédit agricole sous les ordres directs du ministre de l’Agriculture, le détachant ainsi de la direction de l’Agriculture par le décret du 9 février 1904. Les lois du 1er juillet 1901 et du 14 janvier 1907 relatives à la création de sociétés de crédit agricole entendent encore le service du crédit mutuel, qui doit alors se scinder en deux sections et augmenter le nombre de ses inspecteurs, devenant le service du Crédit mutuel et de la Coopération agricole.
Le ministère consacre également le rôle en France d’une agriculture de plus en plus technique, nécessitant ainsi plus de contrôle des produits utilisés : c’est en premier lieu pour lutter contre les ventes d’engrais et de produits falsifiés qu’est ainsi établi, par le décret du 17 octobre 1906 et la loi Finances du 30 janvier 1907, le service spécial de Répression des fraudes du ministère, là où ce domaine était jusqu’ici l’objet d’une simple section du bureau de la Législation agricole. Ce service prend lui aussi rapidement de l’importance, au point de nécessiter d’être établi en direction par le décret du 21 octobre 1911, qui lui rattache les services sanitaires et scientifiques.
C’est le même développement technique de l’agriculture qui conduit à la création, par l’arrêté du 15 octobre 1917, d’un service du matériel agricole, dédié à l’approvisionnement en machines et produits nécessaires à l’amélioration des rendements ainsi qu’à la création de groupements industriels, commerciaux et agricoles pour faciliter la production.
Pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, la question cruciale de la gestion des stocks alimentaires amène à substituer à ce ministère de l’Agriculture un ministère de l’Agriculture et du Ravitaillement, par le décret du 16 novembre 1917, après quelques mois de regroupement avec le Commerce, l’Industrie, le Travail et les PTT dans un même vaste ministère commun mis en place par le décret du 8 septembre précédent.
Responsables :
14/11/1881 – 30/01/1882 : Paul Devès, ministre
30/01/1882 – 21/02/1883 : François de Mahy, ministre
21/02/1883 – 06/04/1885 : Jules Méline, ministre
06/04/1885 – 09/11/1885 : Hervé Mangon, ministre
09/11/1885 – 07/01/1886 : Hippolyte Gomot, ministre
07/01/1886 – 30/05/1887 : Jules Develle, ministre
30/05/1887 – 12/12/1887 : François Barbe, ministre
12/12/1887 – 22/02/1889 : Jules Viette, ministre
22/02/1889 – 17/03/1890 : Léopold Faye, ministre
17/03/1890 – 11/01/1893 : Jules Develle, ministre
11/01/1893 – 26/01/1895 : Albert Viger, ministre
26/01/1895 – 01/11/1895 : Antoine Gadaud, ministre
01/11/1895 – 29/04/1896 : Albert Viger, ministre
29/04/1896 – 28/06/1898 : Jules Méline, ministre
28/06/1898 – 22/06/1899 : Albert Viger, ministre
22/06/1899 – 07/06/1902 : Jean Dupuy, ministre
07/06/1902 – 24/01/1905 : Léon Mougeot, ministre
24/01/1905 – 03/11/1910 : Joseph Ruau, ministre
03/11/1910 – 02/03/1911 : Étienne Raynaud, ministre
02/03/1911 – 17/01/1913 : Jules Pams, ministre
21/01/1913 – 22/03/1913 : Fernand David, ministre
22/03/1913 – 09/12/1913 : Étienne Clémentel, ministre
09/12/1913 – 09/06/1914 : Étienne Raynaud, ministre
09/06/1914 – 12/06/1914 : Adrien Dariac, ministre
13/06/1914 – 29/10/1915 : Fernand David, ministre
29/10/1915 – 12/12/1916 : Jules Méline, ministre
12/12/1916 – 20/03/1917 : Étienne Clémentel, ministre du Commerce, de l’Industrie, du Travail et des Postes et Télégraphes
20/03/1917 – 16/11/1917 : Fernand David, ministre
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