31 juillet 1824
4 février 1890
Orleans, Antonio María Felipe Luis de (1824-1890 ; infant d'Espagne)
Montpensier, Antoine Marie Philippe Louis d’Orléans (1824-1890 ; duc de)
Le 31 juillet 1824, naît à Neuilly le dernier fils de la famille d’Orléans : Antoine Marie Philippe Louis. Il reçoit le titre de duc de Montpensier en hommage à son oncle, le frère préféré de Louis-Philippe. Il est scolarisé comme ses frères au lycée Henri-IV et montre des dispositions pour les études, ce que confirme son prix en histoire naturelle au concours général de 1837. Il a notamment pour condisciples Baudelaire et le fils de Georges Sand, Maurice Dupin. Destiné à l’armée, il se forme à l’École polytechnique. Fait lieutenant, il part en Algérie et reçoit son baptême du feu en 1842. Il participe à l’expédition de Biskra et se distingue lors du combat de M’Chounèche, où il est blessé. Élevé aux grades de colonel en 1846 puis de général, il reçoit le commandement de l’artillerie et aux côtés de ses frères qui prennent la direction générale de l’armée pour Nemours, de la marine pour Joinville et l’Algérie pour Aumale, il permet à la famille royale de contrôler l’ensemble de l’armée française. Comme le reste de sa famille, il fait montre de talents artistiques et se passionne pour la botanique.
Rapidement se pose la question du mariage du benjamin de Louis-Philippe. Le roi et son ministre Guizot envisagent une alliance espagnole, rendue compliquée par l’opposition systématique de la Grande-Bretagne aux projets matrimoniaux du roi des Français et davantage encore dans ce cas, les Anglais n’ayant pas oublié l’origine de la Guerre de Succession d’Espagne. En effet, promis à Marie-Louise, sœur de la reine d’Espagne, Isabelle II, Montpensier pourrait hériter du trône espagnol dans le cas où la reine et son époux, don François d’Assise de Bourbon, ne parviendraient pas à avoir des enfants. Les transactions se font rapidement et secrètement avec Madrid et les noces sont célébrées le 10 octobre 1846, en même temps que celle de la reine. Le duc de Montpensier est de retour en France en novembre pour présenter sa nouvelle épouse à sa famille et reprendre ses activités militaires. En parallèle, se construit le projet d’instaurer une monarchie en Equateur et de ceindre le duc de Montpensier de la couronne. Il échoue complètement quand les conservateurs à la tête du pays perdent le pouvoir.
Lors de la Révolution de février 1848, Antoine pousse son père à renoncer au trône et à abdiquer. Durant le fuite du palais des Tuileries et dans la précipitation, il oublie sa femme. L’ayant retrouvé, il rejoint sa famille exilée en Angleterre. Il décide de s’installer en Espagne, obtient la nationalité française et le titre d’infant. Il devient capitaine général en 1858 et grand commandeur d'Aragon de l'ordre de Calatrava. Il gère la fortune terrienne considérable de son épouse. Comprenant que la nombreuse progéniture de la reine l’éloigne de plus en plus du trône, il entre en opposition avec le gouvernement de sa belle-sœur. Une fois les bornes dépassées, il est assigné à résidence à Séville où il s’installe et y élève ses dix enfants. Il exploite les terres et forêts appartenant à son épouse, s’initie à l’agriculture, développe des manufactures, organise les voies de communication, restaure des monuments historiques au premier rang desquels l’Alcazar, collectionne les œuvres d’arts et aménage le parc de sa résidence, que Marie-Louise offrira ensuite à la ville de Séville.
Candidat malheureux à la couronne impériale du Mexique, le duc de Montpensier est exilé au Portugal, lors de la chute d’Isabelle II en 1868. Deux ans plus tard, il rentre en Espagne et rencontre l’hostilité de sa belle-famille, après avoir tué le duc de Cadix, frère du roi, en duel pour des injures. Les rois d’Espagne désignés par les Cortes se succèdent : le cousin du roi de Prusse qui refuse mais dont le choix sera à l’origine de la guerre franco-prussienne, Amédée de Savoie dont le règne dure jusqu’en 1873 où la monarchie est renversée et remplacée par une république. Lorsqu’elle est rétablie l’année suivante, Montpensier, député de Cadix depuis 1871, se porte candidat au trône mais ne remporte que peu de suffrages. Il abandonne alors ses prétentions politiques, mais ne cesse pas pour autant d’apporter son soutien à son neveu et gendre, Alphonse XII, fils d’Isabelle II et épouse de Mercedes d’Orléans. Antoine partage son temps entre Séville et l’hôtel Caprara de Bologne que lui a légué son amie la duchesse de Galliera avec toutes ses collections artistiques.
Il meurt le 4 février 1890 et est inhumé dans le panthéon des infants, à l’Escorial. Marie-Louise décède le 2 janvier 1897. Deux enfants leur survivent : Marie-Isabelle (1848-1919) qui a épousé son cousin le comte de Paris et Antoine (1866-1930), duc de Galliera, époux de l’infante Eulalie de Bourbon (1864-1858), fille d’Isabelle II et sœur d’Alphonse XII.
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