18 juin 1568
29 août 1629
Charlotte-Catherine de La Trémoïlle (1568-1629) naît en 1568 à La Ferté-sous-Jouarre. Fille de Louis III de La Trémoïlle, duc de Thouars, prince de Talmond et de Tarente, et de Jeanne de Montmorency, elle est, par sa mère, petite-fille du connétable Anne de Montmorency. C’est lors d’un séjour chez sa grand-mère, la connétable, qu’elle rencontre Henri Ier de Bourbon, prince de Condé, cousin du roi de Navarre et premier prince du sang. Elle apporte de son côté une dot considérable de 20 000 écus et 4 000 livres de rente. Afin de pouvoir l’épouser, elle se convertit au protestantisme : la cérémonie est célébrée le 16 mars 1586 à la chapelle du château de Taillebourg transformée en temple protestant. Les nouveaux époux s’installent à Saint-Jean-d’Angély, à l’hôtel de Condé, et le 30 avril 1587 naît leur fille Éléonore.
Henri et Charlotte passent néanmoins peu de temps ensemble : le prince de Condé est le compagnon d’armes de son cousin Navarre dans sa confrontation avec la Ligue catholique formée par les Guise, qui refusent au Béarnais toute légitimité pour accéder au trône de France. C’est ainsi que, lors de la bataille de Coutras (septembre 1587) où les deux camps s’affrontent, il est blessé sur le champ de bataille et part se reposer à Saint-Jean-d’Angély. Il y meurt subitement le 3 mars 1588.
La familiarité de la princesse de Condé avec l’un de ses pages, un dénommé Prémilhac de Belcastel, la fait aussitôt soupçonner d’avoir empoisonné son mari : la princesse, enceinte de quelques mois, aurait cherché à dissimuler son adultère. Ses domestiques, torturés, passent aux aveux. Charlotte de La Trémoïlle est alors arrêtée et jugée par le Parlement de Paris. Sa grossesse suspend cependant provisoirement la procédure judiciaire : elle est tenue prisonnière dans sa résidence de Saint-Jean-d’Angély sous la garde de Jean de Saint-Memme en attendant la naissance de son enfant.
Henri II de Bourbon-Condé naît le 1er septembre 1588. Le procès de sa mère ne reprend cependant pas. Les troubles politiques liés à la mort d’Henri III et à l’arrivée au pouvoir d’Henri IV ne permettent pas à la justice de reprendre son cours normal. L’emprisonnement de la princesse se prolonge à tel point que sa situation commence à indigner plusieurs hauts personnages, en premier lieu Jacques Auguste de Thou. Celui-ci est choqué par les irrégularités du procès qu’il relève. Il intervient personnellement auprès d’Henri IV pour qu’il devienne le parrain de son jeune cousin, ce qui est fait le 10 juin 1592 selon les rites protestants. D’autres membres de la noblesse (Diane de France, Henri de Montmorency, le comte d’Auvergne, le duc de Bouillon…) interviennent à leur tour et adressent au roi un placet afin d’obtenir la libération de la princesse. Celle-ci intervient en août 1595, après sept ans d’emprisonnement et le procès peut reprendre. Le 24 juillet 1596, le Parlement de Paris prononce l’acquittement de Charlotte de La Trémoïlle. Henri IV reconnaît la légitimité du jeune Henri II de Bourbon-Condé qui, jusqu’à la naissance de Louis XIII en 1601, sera considéré comme l’héritier du trône.
En 1597, la princesse de Condé revient à la religion catholique : elle abjure à Rouen entre les mains du cardinal de Médicis. Ses dernières années la tiennent à l’écart de la cour et elle décède le 29 août 1629 à Paris, à l’hôtel de Condé.
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