04/10/1943
Président-directeur général
Chief executive officer (CEO)
Chairman of the board
Chairman of the Executive Board
Avant mai 2004
Le conseil d’administration oriente l’activité d’Air France et veille à l’application des décisions prises avec ces administrateurs. Ce même conseil nomme un président afin de veiller au bon fonctionnement de l’entreprise.
Créé en 1999, le comité stratégique d’Air France est composé de huit administrateurs dont Jean-Cyril Spinetta, qui en assure la présidence. Ce comité décide des orientations stratégiques de l’entreprise.
Après mai 2004
Jean-Cyril Spinetta se retrouve propulsé à la tête du groupe Air France-KLM en la qualité de président-directeur général d’Air France-KLM. Leo van Wijk, président-directeur général de KLM est placé à la vice-présidence du conseil d’administration d’Air France-KLM. Ce dernier est composé de seize membres à savoir trois administrateurs exécutifs dont Leo van Wijk, quatre administrateurs indépendants français, deux administrateurs proposés par le conseil d’administration de surveillance de KLM, trois administrateurs proposés par l’Etat français, un administrateur proposé par l’Etat néerlandais, un administrateur d’Alitalia et deux administrateurs proposés par les salariés actionnaires.
Un comité stratégique est mis en place au niveau du holding Air France-KLM afin d’émettre des recommandations touchant essentiellement aux domaines stratégiques, à savoir au commercial, aux finances et à l’opérationnel. Ce comité est présidé par Jean-Cyril Spinetta et est composé de quatre représentants d’Air France et quatre représentants de KLM. Il convient de préciser que le président directeur général d’Air France-KLM dispose d’une voix prépondérante sur l’ensemble des décisions. Toutefois des exceptions dérogent à ce pouvoir décisionnel, exemptant ainsi Jean-Cyril Spinetta à propos des modifications des garanties données à KLM mais aussi de la structure par regroupement d’activités ou la création d’activités communes et de la conclusion d’un accord intra-groupe à des conditions autres que des conditions normales et courantes.
Le comité de management stratégique, mis en place en mai 2004, est remplacé par un comité exécutif groupe en 2007-2008
Relations
- Christian Blanc : prédécesseur à la présidence de la Compagnie nationale Air France (1993-1997). Il assura le onzième mandat de président de la compagnie aérienne.
- Pierre-Henri Gourgeon : Directeur général exécutif d’Air France (1998-2008), bras droit de Jean-Cyril Spinetta.
Contexte politique :
En 1946, avec la nationalisation d’Air France, l’État renforce sa tutelle et affirme sa position d’acteur de premier plan. Ainsi, Air France exerce des missions de service public. De plus, le choix du président de la compagnie s’effectue selon la couleur politique des hommes au pouvoir. Membre du parti socialiste, Jean-Cyril Spinetta est nommé de 1994 à 1995 auprès du président de la République François Mitterrand en tant que conseiller pour les affaires industrielles. En septembre 1997, Jean-Cyril Spinetta se retrouve à la tête de la présidence de la compagnie.
Contexte économique
L’exercice de 1997-1998 confirme le redressement de la compagnie avec des bénéfices, lié à la fusion d’Air France et d’Air France Europe (ex Air-Inter) qui a permis l’intégration des réseaux internationaux et domestique des deux compagnies. En ce sens, les résultats obtenus permettent la poursuite de l’amélioration de la compétitivité. Décidée par le Gouvernement, l’ouverture du capital d’Air France renforce ainsi les chances de développement de l’entreprise avec la participation d’investisseurs privés comme les salariés d’Air France.
Dès le 22 février 1999, Air France entre en bourse. Dans le même temps, Air France lance sa stratégie d’entreprise « d’une compagnie nationale, faire d’Air France une compagnie major » mettant en oeuvre 19 chantiers prioritaires afin de satisfaire les clients de la compagnie. Air France choisi un partenariat avec Delta Air Lines afin de créer une alliance globale vers la fin 1999.
Malgré les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 paralysant tout le trafic aérien partout dans le monde, Air France connaît des résultats positifs en raison de l’augmentation du trafic à hauteur de 7%. La compagnie développe ses atouts en créant une alliance Skyteam. Après l’ouverture du capital, la suite logique est la privatisation progressive d’Air France.
Malgré la succession de crises depuis 2001, Air France affiche des résultats satisfaisants. En 2003, Air France signe un accord de rapprochement avec KLM donnant ainsi naissance en mai 2004 à une société holding. Malgré la crise du 11 septembre et de ses conséquences, les résultats financiers sont en hausse dès 2004 permettant de multiplier son résultat d’exploitation par 3,4 en trois ans.
Toutefois, avec la crise économique de 2008, Air France perd 4,5% de ces capacités dans l’activité passager en raison du ralentissement de la demande de transport aérien et de la hausse du prix du pétrole.
Contexte sociale
Dès 1997-1998, un conflit social se dissipe mettant fin à la grève du personnel navigant revendiquant une hausse de salaire. En ce sens, une réflexion est menée sur l’évolution de la durée de travail afin d’aboutir à des propositions satisfaisantes pour les salariés. Depuis 1999, Air France connaît trois années exceptionnelles de recrutement. Avec l’attentat du 11 septembre 2001, les embauches sont gelées privilégiant ainsi les embauches en interne. Malgré une période d’accalmie avec l’alliance rapprochée avec KLM, Air France connaît de nombreuses difficultés avec la crise de 2008.
Histoire
Dès la création d’Air France, Ernest Roume devient en 1933 président d’Air France. Après consultation des rapports d’activité annuels postérieurs à 1933, il n’y a plus de mention de président mais seulement du directeur général et de ses directeurs généraux adjoints jusqu’en 1967. Sur proposition du conseil d’administration, Georges Galichon a été nommé président du conseil d’administration et de la Compagnie Air France par le décret du 23 janvier 1967 remplaçant ainsi Joseph Ross, dont son mandat de directeur général est venu à expiration. C’est à partir de ce décret qu’Air France a commencé à avoir un président à la tête de sa compagnie en plus d’un directeur général. Ce président prend à la fois les rennes d’Air France mais préside également le conseil d’administration, ce qui n’était pas le cas antérieurement. Ainsi, Jean-Cyril Spinetta est nommé président-directeur général d’Air France le 22 septembre 1997, succédant à Christian Blanc.
En mai 2004, Jean-Cyril Spinetta devient président-directeur général d’Air France-KLM au même moment que l’alliance avec la compagnie néerlandaise. Les deux compagnies s’allient sans pour autant perdre leur identité. En effet, chaque compagnie conserve son président-directeur général.
Toutefois, il faut dissocier et distinguer la fonction de président-directeur général de celle de directeur général. En effet, selon une loi relative aux nouvelles régulations économiques en date du 15 mai 2001, les sociétés peuvent dissocier les fonctions de président et de directeur général. Toutefois, cette loi est passée un peu inaperçue au sein de la compagnie. Le 26 septembre 2008, Jean-Cyril Spinetta décide, sur proposition aux conseils d’administration d’Air France et d’Air France-KLM, de dissocier les fonctions de président du conseil d’administration et de directeur général exécutif d’Air France-KLM et d’Air France. En application de la loi de 2001, les conseils d’administration d’Air France et d’Air France-KLM décident conjointement de dissocier les deux fonctions en désignant deux personnes distinctes, Jean-Cyril Spinetta en tant que président du conseil d’administration et Pierre-Henri Gourgeon en la qualité de directeur général exécutif de l’entreprise.
Fonctions et activités
- Présidence du Groupe Air France (1997-2004)
- Présidence du Groupe Air France-KLM (2004-2008)
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