20 mars 1963
27 septembre 1978
Ministère de l’Aménagement du territoire, de l’Équipement, du Logement et du Tourisme (1973-1974)
France. Secrétariat d'État chargé du Tourisme (1963-1978)
Le secrétariat d'État est constitué d'un cabinet, comprenant généralement un directeur de cabinet, un chef de cabinet et des conseillers techniques ; d'une inspection générale du tourisme et d'un commissariat général au tourisme jusqu'en 1974, puis d'une direction de l’aménagement et des professions touristiques de 1974 à 1978. Un service de l'action touristique et des relations internationales est créé en parallèle à cette direction afin d'assurer et de coordonner la propagande touristique, de promouvoir en France et à l'étranger les différentes formes d'activités touristiques et de rassembler les statistiques touristiques.
Des services extérieurs en France (délégations régionales au tourisme) ou à l'étranger (services officiels français du tourisme à l'étranger) et des établissements publics ou organismes (Union nationale des associations de tourisme, Caisse nationale de vacances, Touring club de France, etc.) sont en liens directs avec le secrétariat d'État.
Plusieurs secrétaires d'État chargés du tourisme se sont succédé entre 1963 et 1978 :
Pierre Dumas, secrétaire d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du Premier ministre (20 mars 1963 - 31 mai 1968).
Henri Rey, ministre d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du Premier ministre (31 mai 1968 - 10 juillet 1968).
Marcel Anthonioz, secrétaire d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du ministre de l'Équipement et du Logement (8 juillet 1969 - 5 juillet 1972).
Aimé Paquet, secrétaire d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du ministre de l'Aménagement du territoire, de l'Équipement, du Logement et du Tourisme (26 avril 1973 - 27 mai 1974).
Georges Ducray, secrétaire d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du ministre de la Qualité de la Vie (25 juin 1974 - 12 janvier 1976).
Jacques Médecin, secrétaire d'État chargé du tourisme auprès du ministre de la Qualité de la Vie (2 février 1976 - 29 mars 1977), puis du ministre de la Culture et de l'Environnement (29 avril 1977 - 31 mars 1978).
La fondation de l'Office national du tourisme
La première administration du tourisme apparaît le 8 avril 1910 avec la création d’un Office national du tourisme à l’initiative d’Alexandre Millerand, ministre des Travaux publics. L'Office national du tourisme est chargé "de centraliser et de mettre à la disposition du public les renseignements de toute nature concernant le tourisme sous toutes ses formes" et de rechercher "tous moyens propres pour développer le tourisme et, au besoin, de prendre toutes mesures tendant à améliorer les conditions de transport, de circulation et de séjour des touristes". Simultanément, est créé le Conseil supérieur du tourisme, organe consultatif.
C'est seulement en 1930, dans le deuxième gouvernement André Tardieu, que le mot "tourisme" apparaît pour la première fois dans le titre d'un département ministériel avec la nomination d'un haut commissaire au tourisme. Lors des gouvernements suivants, le tourisme est rattaché successivement aux Travaux publics, à l'Économie nationale puis de nouveau au ministère des Travaux publics en 1934.
À la recherche d'un modèle d'organisation
C'est en 1935, suite à un rapport de Paul Peyromaure-Debord auprès du Conseil national économique, que l'Office national et le conseil supérieur disparaissent et que sont créés en remplacement trois nouveaux services dépendant toujours du ministère des Travaux publics :
- le commissariat général au tourisme ;
- le centre national d'expansion du tourisme, du thermalisme et du climatisme (CNET) ;
- le comité consultatif du tourisme.
Par les actes dits lois des 15 octobre et 24 décembre 1940, est instauré un service du tourisme dépendant du secrétariat d'État aux Communications, avec les attributions du précédent commissariat général et celles du CNET qui disparaissent l'un comme l'autre. Le comité consultatif, quant à lui, demeure inchangé.
Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une loi de finances du 27 avril 1946 rétablit officiellement le commissariat général dans ses fonctions et le rattache au ministère des Travaux publics et des Transports. Le comité consultatif est maintenu, mais voit le nombre de ses membres rétrograder de 80 à 12.
En 1948, lors de la constitution du gouvernement André Marie, la dénomination du ministère est modifiée et devient ministère des Travaux publics, des Transports et du Tourisme. Le commissariat général, quant à lui, devient une direction générale du tourisme. La loi n° 48-1325 du 29 septembre 1948 donne vie au Centre national du tourisme et institue un Comité national du tourisme.
Le centre national est supprimé le 15 juillet 1952, ses attributions passant à la direction générale du tousime. Le Conseil supérieur du tourisme, créé par le décret n°52-895 du 18 juin 1952, le remplace. C'est un instrument de consultation permanente et systématique, représentant au plus haut niveau les différentes structures professionnelles, associatives et territoriales concernées par ce secteur économique. Le Conseil supérieur du tourisme sera par la suite réorganisé à plusieurs reprises.
Par le décret n°59-766 du 19 juin 1959, le commissariat général est rétabli à la place de la direction générale qui disparaît. Le commissariat général a pour mission de promouvoir, d'orienter et de coordonner les activités de tous ordres concourant à l'expression du tourisme français. Il est également institué par ce même décret un comité interministériel du tourisme ayant compétence pour proposer au Gouvernement, sur la base des études et projets présentés par le commissaire général, les mesures d'ordre législatif et réglementaire nécessaires à la mise en oeuvre de la politique d'expansion touristique.
La mise en place progressive d'un secrétariat d'État chargé du tourisme
Le décret n°62-1530 du 22 décembre 1962 place le commissariat général sous l'autorité de Premier Ministre. Toutefois, ce commissariat continue d'être géré par le ministère des Travaux publics et des Transports. Dès l'année suivante, le secrétariat d'État auprès du Premier Ministre, chargé des relations avec le Parlement, se voit confier sous l'autorité du Premier Ministre, les attributions concernant le tourisme (décret n°63-265 du 20 mars 1963).
Dans le 4ème cabinet Pompidou, un secrétaire d'État au Tourisme est nommé le 31 mai 1968, soit 55 jours avant que le Gouvernement Maurice Couve de Murville transfère au ministère de l'Équipement et du Logement les attributions concernant le tourisme.
Le 8 juillet 1969, un secrétariat d'État au Tourisme est institué (décret n° 69-718). Cette administration dépend successivement de l'Équipement et du Logement jusqu'en 1974, puis du ministère de la Qualité de la vie jusqu'en 1977 et enfin de la Culture et de l'Environnement jusqu'en 1978.
Le décret n° 74-963 du 22 novembre 1974 modifie l'administration du tourisme qui se compose désormais :
- d'une inspection générale ;
- d'une direction de l'aménagement et des professions touristiques ;
- d'un service de l'action touristique et des relations internationales.
Alors que trop souvent, le tourisme n'eut pas de responsable politique, cette fois-ci, le ministre de la Jeunesse, des Sports et des Loisirs veut lui donner sa juste place afin qu'il ne soit pas isolé, ni dilué dans un dispositif ministériel. Le décret n° 78-977 du 27 septembre 1978 modifie une fois encore l'administration du tourisme. Il n'y a plus de secrétariat d'État et la direction de l'aménagement et des professions touristiques disparaît au profit de la direction du tourisme.
Un secrétariat d'État chargé du tourisme réapparaitra sous le gouvernement Mauroy en 1981 (voir notice "France. Secrétariat d'État chargé du Tourisme (1981-2017)").
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