30 juillet 1882
6 mars 1947
Champetier de Ribes, Auguste (1882-1947)
Né à Antony en juillet 1882, Auguste Champetier de Ribes (1882-1947) est le fils de Louis Antoine Maurice Champetier de Ribes (1845-1929), notaire parisien, et de Marie Victorine Élisabeth Delapalme son épouse. Son grand-père était avocat à la Cour d'appel de Paris et membre du conseil de l'Ordre.
Après avoir fait ses études primaires et secondaires au collège Stanislas à Paris, Auguste Champetier de Ribes passe son baccalauréat en 1900 et est reçu en 1903 licencié ès lettre, et en droit de l'Université de Paris. Avocat, il s'inscrit au barreau de Paris le 12 mars 1907. Il devient premier secrétaire de la Conférence du stage le 9 juillet 1908, et à ce titre, prononce le 27 novembre 1909, l'éloge du bâtonnier Pouillet. De 1908 à 1924, il est le collaborateur du bâtonnier Albert Salle.
Ayant fait son service militaire en 1903, au 28e régiment d'infanterie, comme soldat de 2e classe, et mis en disponibilité le 18 septembre 1904, il est nommé sergent de réserve le 1er novembre 1906, et passe son brevet de chef de section le 13 juillet 1907. Lorsque éclate la première grande guerre mondiale, il est mobilisé, le 11 août 1914, comme sergent au 50e bataillon de chasseurs à pied, et envoyé sur le front de Lorraine. Sa brillante conduite lui vaut d'être nommé sous-lieutenant le 8 octobre suivant. Lors des combats de Reillon, il est blessé, le 17 octobre, d'une balle dans l'épaule gauche, et cité à l'ordre du jour de l'armée. Il reste sur le front de Lorraine jusqu'en juillet 1916 où il est envoyé à Verdun. Nommé lieutenant le 8 octobre 1916, il est blessé à nouveau, le 24 octobre à Vaux-Chapitre par des éclats d'obus qui lui arrachent deux doigts de la main droite. Il est cité une fois de plus à l'ordre de l'armée le 5 novembre et fait Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. Le 10 mars 1917, il passe une visite médicale pour quitter l'hôpital. La Commission veut le réformer, mais il n'accepte pas cette décision, et se fait désigner le 10 juillet comme instructeur des élèves aspirants, à Issoudun. Il est nommé capitaine le 3 octobre 1918, et démobilisé le 26 février 1919. Le 12 août il devient titulaire d'une pension de guerre, et son invalidité est fixée à 60 %. Enfin, le 18 février 1922, il devient capitaine d'infanterie honoraire au 10e bataillon de chasseurs à pied. Un de ses frères et trois de ses cousins sont morts pour la France au cours de cette guerre.
Dès 1907, il devient l'ami et le disciple d'Albert de Mun, et restera toute sa vie fidèle aux idées de catholicisme social de celui-ci. En 1908, il est parmi les promoteurs du Secrétariat Social de Paris et il apporte son appui au mouvement syndical chrétien en participant notamment à des cercles d'études et en s'intéressant aux Oeuvres de Midi qui réunissent les ouvrières pendant l'heure de liberté dont elles disposent à midi. Durant sa convalescence, en juin 1917, il donne des conférences au syndicat de la rue de l'Abbaye pour propager la doctrine des chrétiens sociaux qu'il oppose aussi bien à l'individualisme libéral qu'au syndicalisme révolutionnaire. Pour Auguste Champetier de Ribes, il est possible d'aboutir à la paix sociale à la condition que les rapports entre employeurs et salariés soient basés sur la justice. Sur le plan pratique, cela conduit à organiser des syndicats de salariés et de patrons, et à signer des contrats collectifs de travail, conciliant les intérêts des uns et des autres.
Il se présente sans succès dans le département des Basses-Pyrénées aux élections législatives de novembre 1919 et aux partielles de mai 1921. Il est finalement élu aux législatives de mai 1924 à la tête de la liste d'Union nationale républicaine. Il sera réélu en avril 1928 et mai 1932 au titre du Parti démocrate populaire (PDP). Élu sénateur lors d'une élection partielle en décembre 1934, il se démet de son mandat de député en janvier 1935 et est réélu sénateur aux élections générales de mai 1935 (renouvellement du 14 janvier 1936). A la Chambre, il est membre de la Commission des finances de 1924 à 1932, de la Commission de l'armée de 1932 à 1934, et de celle de la législation civile et criminelle au début de 1935. Au Sénat, il siège à la Commission de l'air jusqu'en 1936 et entre à la Commission des finances à la fin de l'année 1937 pour l'examen du budget de l'exercice 1938.
Le 16 novembre 1924, il fonde le Parti Démocrate Populaire dont il devient le président à partir de 1929. Le PDP, qui rassemble des hommes qui, par leur valeur morale, leur vie publique et privée, constituent une élite dont le rôle essentiel est de former des jeunes, n'atteindra jamais la majorité au Parlement. Mais, placé entre une droite et une gauche souvent équivalentes en nombre, ses suffrages décident alors de quel côté sera la majorité. Il soutient les gouvernements sur lesquels ne pèse pas la tutelle des partis extrémistes. Quels que soient les changements de majorité, le PDP apporte son appui ou son concours aux gouvernements dont les programmes correspondent à celui du PDP, ce qui lui vaut des attaques incessantes provenant des deux extrêmes.
Auguste Champetier de Ribes est nommé sous-secrétaire d'État aux Finances (3 novembre 1928 au 21 février 1930), puis ministre des Pensions (2 mars au 13 décembre 1930 et 27 janvier 1931 au 3 juin 1932) dans les ministères André Tardieu et Pierre Laval. Il fait voter, le 16 avril 1930, la loi instituant la retraite du combattant, l'augmentation de l'allocation des grands invalides de guerre, la création d'un fonds spécial leur facilitant le bénéfice de la loi Loucheur, et le rajustement du taux de base des pensions des veuves de guerre. Le 20 février 1931, il obtient du Parlement un crédit de 50 millions de francs destiné à ensevelir les corps des milliers de combattants tombés à Verdun, et restés sans sépulture.
En janvier 1936, Albert Sarraut lui demande de participer à son gouvernement en qualité de ministre de la Justice, ce qu'il refuse, ne voulant pas renoncer à ses activités d'avocat. Après la victoire du front populaire de 1936, et devant l'aggravation de la situation intérieure et extérieure, il en vient à soutenir la politique du mouvernement Léon Blum en mars 1937. S'il n'est pas partisan du « front populaire », il ne l'est pas non plus, du « front de la liberté » qui se constitue en juin 1937. Arpès l'ultimatum d'Hitler à l'Autriche, Auguste Champetier de Ribes lance le 9 avril 1938 un appel à la nation par la voix des ondes : « L'Union des Français, proclame-t-il, peut seule encore sauver la paix ! ».
Il est ensuite ministre des Anciens combattants et pensionnés (10 avril 1938 au 13 septembre 1939) dans le cabinet Édouard Daladier puis sous-secrétaire d'État aux Affaires étrangères dans les gouvernements Daladier et Paul Reynaud (13 septembre 1939 au 10 mai 1940). Il élabore un projet de convention entre le gouvernement français et le Vatican, ayant pour objet de suspendre l'application du titre III de la loi de juillet 1901 et la loi de juillet 1904 sur les congrégations, d'assurer à l'école le respect de la liberté des croyances et de permettre la remise aux associations diocésaines des biens ayant appartenu aux anciens établissements du culte qui n'ont fait l'objet d'aucune attribution. Les pourparlers engagés avec le Vatican seront interrompus par son départ du quai d'Orsay en mai 1940.
Il fait partie des 80 parlementaires français qui refusent de voter les pleins pouvoirs au maréchal Pétain le 10 juillet 1940. Puis, il se retire dans son département des Basses-Pyrénées, où il devient président départemental clandestin du mouvement de Résistance « Combat ». Le 2 décembre 1942 il est arrêté et conduit à Evaux-les-Bains où il fera dix-huit mois d'internement. Premier chef de parti à reconnaître l'autorité du général de Gaulle en qualité de chef de la France libre, vice-président du Comité départemental de libération des Basses-Pyrénées, il est appelé le 15 septembre 1944 à Paris par le général de Gaulle qui lui offre le poste d'ambassadeur de France à Washington. Il décline cette offre, préférant se consacrer à la reconstruction de son pays. Il est nommé délégué à l'Assemblée Consultative provisoire (1944-1945) qui valide sa désignation le 8 novembre 1944.
Le 17 janvier 1946 le général De Gaulle le nomme délégué du GPRF auprès du Tribunal militaire de Nuremberg (Allemagne), où il est procureur. Lorsque le procureur général de France François de Menthon quitte Nuremberg à la suite de la démission de De Gaulle du gouvernement (20 janvier), c'est Auguste Champetier de Ribes qui lui succède à ce poste. Il est chargé de présenter l'accusation de la France, de la Hollande, de la Belgique et du Luxembourg dont les gouvernements ont envoyé des missions qui travaillent en liaison avec la délégation française. Il y a quatre chefs d'accusation : complot, crimes contre la paix, crimes de guerre, crimes contre l'humanité. Le 29 juillet 1946 il demande au tribunal de déclarer tous les accusés coupables. Le tribunal rend son verdict le 1er octobre 1946.
À son retour, Auguste Champetier de Ribes devient président du Conseil de la République le 27 décembre 1946 au bénéfice de l’âge, car, comme son concurrent communiste Georges Marrane, il obtient 129 voix. Deux jours plus tard, il est le candidat du Mouvement républicain populaire (MRP) à l'élection présidentielle, qui voit la victoire du socialiste Vincent Auriol. La maladie l’empêche alors d’assumer sa fonction de président de la Haute Assemblée. Auguste Champetier de Ribes décède à Paris le 6 mars 1947. Ses obsèques nationales ont lieu le 10 mars, à Notre-Dame de Paris.
A. Champetier de Ribes a été l'avocat de la mère de Georgette Elgey, Madeleine Léon, pour obtenir une reconnaissance de paternité de la part de l'académicien Georges Lacour-Gayet. Il intervient aussi pendant la seconde guerre mondiale auprès de l'archevêque de Lyon pour éviter à Georgette Elgey et à sa mère l'application des lois de ségrégation raciale et les fait passer en zone libre.
En janvier 1917, il a été fait chevalier de la Légion d'honneur ; le 5 août 1946, il a été élevé au grade d'officier.
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