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Koch, Jacques

Person | 31 août 1913 - 19 mars 1997 Identifier: FRAN_NP_051643
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France
Archives nationales

Date of birth:

31 août 1913

Date of death:

19 mars 1997

Alternative names:

Koch Foccart, Jacques

Foccart, Jacques

Foccart, Jacques (1913-1997)

OCCUPATION

Occupation:

administrateur de société

Occupation:

conseiller au cabinet du président de la République

Date:

1970 - 1974

Note:

secrétaire général des affaires africaines et malgaches (présidence de Georges Pompidou)

Occupation:

conseiller au cabinet du président de la République

Date:

1959 - 1969

Note:

conseiller technique auprès du président de la République (1959-1960) secrétaire général de la Communauté (1960-1961) puis secrétaire général des affaires africaines et malgaches (1961-1969)

Occupation:

agent secret

Date:

1943 - 1944

MANDATE

Note:

Journal officiel du 8 janvier 1959, arrêté de nomination de Jacques Foccart en qualité de conseiller technique à la présidence de la République.

Journal officiel du 21 mars 1960, décision de nomination de Jacques Foccart en qualité de secrétaire général de la Communauté.

BIOGRAPHY

Biography:

Beaucoup de mythes ont entouré la figure de Jacques Foccart. Il a fallu attendre 2015 pour qu’une biographie académique lui soit consacrée. Considérant désormais les avancées historiographiques sur le personnage, la présente notice biographique se borne à retracer les grandes étapes de sa vie.

Jacques Foccart est né à Ambrières-le-Grand (Mayenne). Fils d’une famille originaire de la Mayenne et d’une famille créole originaire de la Guadeloupe, il passe sa petite enfance, de 1913 à 1919, à l’habitation Saint-Charles à Gourbeyre dans la commune de Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe), où son père possède de grandes plantations de bananes. De retour en métropole, de 1919 à 1925, la famille Foccart partage son temps entre Nice et la Villa Auguste de Monte-Carlo, et Ambrières. De 1925 à 1930, Foccart est élève au lycée de l’Immaculée-Conception à Laval (Mayenne), puis de 1930 à 1931 au lycée de Monte-Carlo. Il ne passe que la première partie de son baccalauréat et quitte le lycée à l’issue de la Première. Il devient prospecteur commercial des usines Renault à L’Aigle (Orne) puis à Vendôme (Loir-et-Cher) entre 1931 et 1934. Il effectue son service militaire en 1934-1936. Il devient ensuite employé dans la société commerciale de Jacques Borel, proche de la famille Foccart, spécialisée dans l’import-export avec l’outre-mer. Le 20 avril 1939, il épouse Isabelle Fenoglio, de sept ans son aînée. Le couple n’a pas eu d’enfant.

Mobilisé en août 1939 comme sous-officier de l’armée de l’Air, il est démobilisé en août 1940 et regagne Paris puis l’Orne où il fonde une exploitation de bois. Il s’engage dans la Résistance intérieure et à partir de 1943 devient un cadre dans la région M, immatriculé au BCRA, au Bureau des opérations aériennes (BOA). Passé dans la clandestinité en 1944, il est un des responsables du Plan Tortue pour le débarquement allié. À la Libération, il intègre les forces spéciales parachutises de la DGER, l’ancêtre du SDECE. Il reste un officier de réserve du service Action où il atteindra le grade de lieutenant-colonel.

En 1944, il fonde sa propre société d’import-export : la SAFIEX, principalement spécialisée dans les Antilles. Cet engagement professionnel privé lui a permis de ne jamais dépendre d’autre salaire que du sien et de conserver son indépendance. Foccart ne fut jamais fonctionnaire de la République et attache un grand prix à la liberté d’action que lui permet son statut d’importateur-exportateur. Lorsqu’il s’engage en politique, il confie la SAFIEX à son ami Robert « Bob » Rigaud.

La guerre a été pour lui un moment formateur : à la Libération, il s’engage dans le combat politique aux côtés du général de Gaulle et au sein du RPF dont il deviendra un baron. Nommé en 1947 responsable RPF pour les Antilles et la Guyane, il est en charge dès 1948-1949 des questions ultra-marines (DOM-TOM) et se spécialise sur l’Afrique. En 1950, il est désigné conseiller de l’Union française. Membre du conseil national du RPF, puis secrétaire général adjoint, il devient secrétaire général du mouvement en 1954, en pleine « traversée du désert ». Fidèle parmi les fidèles du général de Gaulle, il s’emploie à maintenir les réseaux gaullistes en France et à travers l’Empire en vue de son retour au pouvoir. Il anime notamment jusqu’en 1958 la Lettre de l’Union française, bulletin d’information politique du RPF à destination de l’Outre-Mer.

En 1958, il est au coeur des complots qui permettent le retour du général de Gaulle au pouvoir, comptant parmi les plus proches compagnons du fondateur de la Ve République au cours du processus politique de transition (au lendemain du 13 mai, il retrouve même ses réflexes de clandestin de l’époque de la guerre). En 1958, il est nommé conseiller technique de Charles de Gaulle, dernier président du Conseil de la IVe République (Matignon) ; en 1959, il est nommé conseiller technique de Charles de Gaulle, premier président de la nouvelle République (Élysée) : son domaine de compétences couvre l’Afrique, les DOM-TOM, les services de renseignement et de sécurité et la liaison avec les formations gaullistes. En mars 1960, il est nommé secrétaire général de la Communauté en remplacement de Raymond Janot, à l’issue du 7e et dernier Conseil exécutif de la Communauté. Il réorganise son service qu’il rebaptise secrétariat général des Affaires africaines et malgaches en 1961. Il reste en fonction jusqu’en 1974, secondé par Alain Plantey (1960-1967) puis René Journiac (1967-1974), avec une éclipse lors de l’intérim d’Alain Poher en 1969. Installé à l’hôtel de Noirmoutier, 138 rue de Grenelle, le secrétariat général déménage en 1970 pour s’établir au 2 rue de l’Élysée. Durant les deux mandats du général de Gaulle, Foccart apparaît incontestablement comme son plus proche conseiller. Lors de la crise d’Algérie, notamment entre la semaine des barricades et la neutralisation de l’OAS et surtout lors du putsch des généraux, Foccart se fait le garde du corps politique du président de la République et appartient au dernier carré de grognards qui l’entourent et le protègent envers et contre tout. Membre des « Quatre Grands », il s’entretient tous les soirs en tête-à-tête avec de Gaulle (la matière de ces entretiens nourrit son Journal de l’Élysée). Ce moment de communion gaulliste lui confère un véritable rôle de Pythie, entre la stratégie arrêtée par le général et la mise en œuvre tactique qu’il convient d’inventer. Il est le seul conseiller à rester non seulement en fonction durant toute la présidence du général de Gaulle, mais aussi à poursuivre sa mission auprès de Georges Pompidou. Considéré comme le « père » de la Françafrique, il organise un « système intégré » dans lequel le président ivoirien Félix Houphouët-Boigny tient une place centrale au sein de la politique française en Afrique.

En 1960, il contribue à la fondation du service d’Action civique (SAC). Tout au long de ses fonctions élyséennes, il reste très proche des organisations politiques gaullistes autour de la rue de Solférino : en Mai-68, il est un des principaux organisateurs de la riposte des Comités de défense de la République (CDR). En 1974, il fait campagne pour Jacques Chaban-Delmas. La victoire de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing provoque la liquidation du secrétariat général des Affaires africaines et malgaches et le départ de Foccart de l’Élysée (où il est remplacé par René Journiac, son ancien bras droit). Officiellement en retrait de la vie politique et concentré sur ses activités d’import-export avec la SAFIEX, il maintient des liens très étroits avec les chefs d’État africains « amis de la France », et suit de près la recomposition de la famille gaulliste sans apparaître nécessairement au premier rang. À la faveur de l’élection présidentielle de 1981, il se rapproche de Jacques Chirac et de la tendance néogaulliste du RPR qu’il est un des rares gaullistes historiques à rallier. Dans l’opposition au gouvernement socialiste, il initie Jacques Chirac aux réseaux franco-africains et dont il devient tout naturellement le « Monsieur Afrique » à Matignon lors de la première cohabitation (1986-1988). De 1988 à 1995, Jacques Foccart crée la cellule Afrique de la Mairie de Paris, installée rue Martignac, et poursuit ses missions de « Monsieur Afrique » auprès de Jacques Chirac en vue de l’élection présidentielle de 1995. Lorsque ce dernier est élu, Jacques Foccart, déjà âgé et malade, est nommé son « représentant personnel auprès des chefs d’État africains » (14 rue de l’Élysée), en marge de la cellule Afrique de l’Élysée confiée à Michel Dupuch, ancien ambassadeur de France à Abidjan (2 rue de l’Élysée). Jacques Chirac élève Jacques Foccart à la dignité de grand officier de la Légion d’honneur. Le 19 mars 1997, Foccart décède à son appartement parisien de la rue de Prony.


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The copyright status of this object has not been evaluated yet. Please contact the providing institution for more information.

You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy, or moral rights.

This object is currently in copyright and the rights holder(s) have allowed re-use for educational purposes only. You are free to use this object in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Please note that you are responsible for your own use, including the need to obtain other permissions e.g. with regard to publicity, privacy or moral rights.

Please contact the providing institution for more information and in order to acquire additional permissions for any other uses.

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